MAAROUF Adil

Medical Doctor (MD)

at AP-HM

Physician in neurology department MICeME (Maladie Inflammatoire du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière), Timone Hospital, AP-HM

Medical Doctor (MD)

Detailed Activities

Current Research Interest:
– Structural, metabolic and functional MRI to follow-up patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)
– In vivo study of axonal degeneration in MS using brain and spinal cord sodium (23Na) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
– Application of Ultra High Field (7T) MRI in MS
– Therapeutic approaches in MS

Research Projects

Publications :

180164 MAAROUF 1 harvard-cite-them-right-no-et-al 50 date desc year 2620 https://crmbm.univ-amu.fr/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A50%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22C2999DIC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stellmann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-11-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BStellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Nicolescu%2C%20M.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282025%29%20%26%23x201C%3BEarly%20structural%20hub%20disruption%20leads%20to%20premature%20functional%20adaption%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBrain%20Structure%20%26amp%3B%20Function%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20230%289%29%2C%20p.%20172.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00429-025-03023-2%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00429-025-03023-2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Early%20structural%20hub%20disruption%20leads%20to%20premature%20functional%20adaption%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mihaela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nicolescu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Phillipe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%2C%20inflammation%20and%20neurodegeneration%20disrupt%20structural%20and%20functional%20brain%20networks.%20While%20the%20association%20between%20structural%20connectivity%20and%20disability%20is%20rather%20clear%2C%20functional%20connectivity%20changes%20are%20not%20yet%20characterised%20as%20a%20physiological%20response%20to%20the%20disease%2C%20as%20functionally%20meaningful%20adaptation%20or%20as%20a%20deceptive%20response.%20We%20explored%20the%20topology%20of%20brain%20networks%20of%2065%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20patients%20over%20up%20to%20seven%20years%20in%20comparison%20to%2059%20controls.%20Connectomes%20based%20on%20probabilistic%20tractography%20from%20diffusion%20weighted%20imaging%20and%20resting-state%20MRI%2C%20were%20analysed%20with%20graph%20theory.%20The%20hub%20disruption%20index%20estimated%20connectivity%20perturbation%20in%20relation%20to%20the%20network%20hierarchy.%20In%20controls%2C%20we%20observed%20a%20transient%20increase%20in%20functional%20hub%20connectivity%20in%20the%205th%20and%206th%20age%20decade%20as%20a%20response%20to%20a%20subtle%20diffuse%20loss%20of%20structural%20connectivity%2C%20before%20structural%20and%20functional%20connectomes%20show%20a%20pronounced%20loss%20of%20hub%20connectivity.%20In%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%2C%20structural%20hub%20disruption%20was%20present%20from%20the%20disease%20onset%20while%20the%20transient%20upregulation%20of%20functional%20hub%20connectivity%20in%20the%20middle%20age%20was%20lacking.%20Patients%20seem%20to%20transition%20directly%20into%20an%20exhausted%20hub%20connectivity%20configuration.%20However%2C%20we%20observed%20the%20transient%20functional%20reorganisation%20of%20hubs%20in%20the%20first%20years%20after%20disease%20onset.%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20patients%20present%20a%20probable%20physiological%20response%20to%20structural%20connectivity%20loss%20very%20early%20in%20the%20disease%2C%20potentially%20leading%20to%20an%20accelerated%20hub%20overload%20with%20accelerated%20neurodegeneration.%20The%20onset%20of%20chronic%20progression%20in%20the%205th%20age%20decade%20might%20be%20partially%20driven%20by%20the%20absence%20of%20the%20physiological%20increased%20hub%20connectivity%20observed%20in%20healthy%20individuals.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-11-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00429-025-03023-2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221863-2661%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-11-06T15%3A36%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226ZIM8H2R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Perriguey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-10-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPerriguey%2C%20M.%2C%20Rigollet%2C%20C.%2C%20Freeman%2C%20S.A.%2C%20Graille-Avy%2C%20L.%2C%20Lafontaine%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20Lemarchant%2C%20B.%2C%20Alberto%2C%20T.%2C%20Demorti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20S.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Hil%26%23xE9%3Bzian%2C%20F.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Z%26%23xE9%3Bphir%2C%20H.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282025%29%20%26%23x201C%3BPrevalence%20of%20hypogammaglobulinemia%20after%20non-anti-CD20%20therapies%20and%20impact%20of%20switching%20to%20rituximab%5C%2Focrelizumab%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurotherapeutics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2022%286%29.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurot.2025.e00760%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurot.2025.e00760%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Prevalence%20of%20hypogammaglobulinemia%20after%20non-anti-CD20%20therapies%20and%20impact%20of%20switching%20to%20rituximab%5C%2Focrelizumab%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perriguey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Camille%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rigollet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sean%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freeman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graille-Avy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lafontaine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lemarchant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tifanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alberto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demorti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9ric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hil%5Cu00e9zian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H%5Cu00e9l%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Z%5Cu00e9phir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-10-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.neurot.2025.e00760%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221878-7479%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.neurotherapeuticsjournal.org%5C%2Farticle%5C%2FS1878-7479%2825%2900238-7%5C%2Ffulltext%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-01T09%3A50%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JITMD4XG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Demortiere%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDemortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Stolowy%2C%20N.%2C%20Perriguey%2C%20M.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Hilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Ndjomo-Ndjomo%2C%20B.-R.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Stellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Marignier%2C%20R.%2C%20Boucraut%2C%20J.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282025%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDiagnostic%20Utility%20of%20Kappa%20Free%20Light%20Chain%20Index%20in%20Adults%20With%20Inaugural%20Optic%20Neuritis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%28R%29%20Neuroimmunology%20%26amp%3B%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2012%283%29%2C%20p.%20e200386.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200386%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200386%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diagnostic%20Utility%20of%20Kappa%20Free%20Light%20Chain%20Index%20in%20Adults%20With%20Inaugural%20Optic%20Neuritis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natacha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stolowy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perriguey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Blaise-Roger%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ndjomo-Ndjomo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jos%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boucraut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%20AND%20OBJECTIVES%3A%20A%20simple%2C%20quick%2C%20and%20reproducible%20procedure%20for%20distinguishing%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%2C%20myelin%20oligodendrocyte%20glycoprotein%20antibody-associated%20disease%20%28MOGAD%29%2C%20and%20neuromyelitis%20optica%20spectrum%20disorder%20%28NMOSD%29%20at%20inaugural%20optic%20neuritis%20%28ION%29%20could%20be%20highly%20valuable%20in%20guiding%20early%20management.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20included%20all%20adults%20admitted%20to%20the%20MS%20center%20of%20Marseille%20for%20ION%20between%20March%202016%20and%20April%202024%2C%20with%20CSF%20analysis%20including%20the%20kappa%20free%20light%20chain%20%28K-FLC%29%20index.%20Receiver%20operating%20characteristic%20curves%20were%20used%20to%20measure%20the%20diagnostic%20ability%20of%20the%20K-FLC%20index.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Two%20hundred%20twenty-seven%20adults%20were%20admitted%20for%20ION%3B%20210%20%2893%25%29%20had%20a%20K-FLC%20index%20measurement.%20MS%20was%20diagnosed%20in%2084%20%2840%25%29%3B%20clinically%20isolated%20syndrome%20suggestive%20of%20MS%20in%2077%20%2836.5%25%29%2C%20including%2020%20with%20future%20conversion%20to%20MS%20%28CISwc%29%3B%20MOGAD%20in%2026%20%2812.5%25%29%3B%20NMOSD%20in%2013%20%286%25%29%3B%20and%20other%20inflammatory%20disorders%20in%2010%20%285%25%29.%20A%20K-FLC%20index%20%5Cu22656.7%20differentiated%20MS%5C%2FCISwc%20from%20other%20diagnoses%20with%20specificity%2086%25%20and%20sensitivity%2095%25%20%28area%20under%20the%20curve%20%5BAUC%5D%200.94%29.%20A%20K-FLC%20index%20%26lt%3B4.9%20differentiated%20MOGAD%20from%20other%20diagnoses%20with%20specificity%2063%25%20and%20sensitivity%2092%25%20%28AUC%200.78%29%20and%20MOGAD%20from%20MS%5C%2FCISwc%20with%20specificity%2096%25%20and%20sensitivity%2092%25%20%28AUC%200.97%29.%20Among%20all%20patients%2C%2093%20%2844%25%29%20had%20a%20K-FLC%20index%20%26lt%3B4.9%3A%2024%20of%20these%20%2826%25%29%20had%20MOGAD%20and%205%20%285.5%25%29%20MS%5C%2FCISwc.%20Among%20the%20remaining%20patients%20with%20a%20K-FLC%20index%20%5Cu22654.9%20%28n%20%3D%20117%29%2C%202%20%281.7%25%29%20had%20MOGAD%20%28K-FLC%20index%20of%207.9%20and%2016.2%29%20and%2099%20%2885%25%29%20MS%5C%2FCISwc.%20Among%20patients%20with%20normal%20MRI%20%28n%20%3D%2096%29%2C%2073%20%2876%25%29%20had%20a%20K-FLC%20index%20%26lt%3B4.9%3A%2022%20of%20these%20%2830%25%29%20had%20MOGAD%2C%20and%20none%20showed%20conversion%20to%20MS.%20Among%20the%20remaining%20patients%20with%20a%20K-FLC%20index%20%5Cu22654.9%20%28n%20%3D%2023%29%2C%202%20%288.5%25%29%20had%20MOGAD%20and%207%20%2830.5%25%29%20showed%20conversion%20to%20MS.%20The%20K-FLC%20index%20did%20not%20differentiate%20NMOSD%20from%20other%20diagnoses%20and%20only%20moderately%20differentiated%20NMO%20from%20MS%5C%2FCISwc%20%28AUC%200.80%29.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20The%20K-FLC%20index%20is%20an%20accessible%20biomarker%20to%20guide%20early%20diagnosis%20in%20patients%20with%20ION.%20The%20probability%20of%20MOGAD%20in%20patients%20with%20ION%20and%20a%20K-FLC%20index%20%5Cu22654.9%20is%20low%20even%20in%20case%20of%20normal%20brain%5C%2Fspinal%20cord%20MRI.%5CnCLASSIFICATION%20OF%20EVIDENCE%3A%20This%20study%20provides%20Class%20II%20evidence%20that%20for%20patients%20with%20ION%2C%20the%20K-FLC%20index%20can%20distinguish%20between%20MS%5C%2FCISwc%20and%20MOGAD.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200386%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-01T09%3A50%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T6U3CK9C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lod%5Cu00e9%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-04-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLod%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20B.%2C%20Hussein%2C%20B.R.%2C%20Meur%26%23xE9%3Be%2C%20C.%2C%20Walsh%2C%20R.%2C%20Gaubert%2C%20M.%2C%20Lassalle%2C%20N.%2C%20Courbon%2C%20G.%2C%20Martin%2C%20A.%2C%20Le%20Bars%2C%20J.%2C%20Durand-Dubief%2C%20F.%2C%20Bourre%2C%20B.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Outteryck%2C%20O.%2C%20Mehier%2C%20C.%2C%20Poulin%2C%20A.%2C%20Cathelineau%2C%20C.%2C%20Hong%2C%20J.%2C%20Criton%2C%20G.%2C%20Motillon-Alonso%2C%20S.%2C%20Lecler%2C%20A.%2C%20Charbonneau%2C%20F.%2C%20Duron%2C%20L.%2C%20Bani-Sadr%2C%20A.%2C%20Delpierre%2C%20C.%2C%20Ferr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20Edan%2C%20G.%2C%20Cotton%2C%20F.%2C%20Casey%2C%20R.%2C%20Galassi%2C%20F.%2C%20Comb%26%23xE8%3Bs%2C%20B.%20and%20Kerbrat%2C%20A.%20%282025%29%20%26%23x201C%3BEvaluation%20of%20a%20deep%20learning%20segmentation%20tool%20to%20help%20detect%20spinal%20cord%20lesions%20from%20combined%20T2%20and%20STIR%20acquisitions%20in%20people%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEuropean%20Radiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BPreprint%5D.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00330-025-11541-0%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00330-025-11541-0%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evaluation%20of%20a%20deep%20learning%20segmentation%20tool%20to%20help%20detect%20spinal%20cord%20lesions%20from%20combined%20T2%20and%20STIR%20acquisitions%20in%20people%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Baptiste%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lod%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Burhan%20Rashid%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hussein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9dric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meur%5Cu00e9e%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricky%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walsh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Malo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaubert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lassalle%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guilhem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Courbon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Agathe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Bars%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7oise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durand-Dubief%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Outteryck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9ment%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mehier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poulin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Camille%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cathelineau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Criton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Motillon-Alonso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Augustin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lecler%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9rique%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charbonneau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lo%5Cu00efc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bani-Sadr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delpierre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ois%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cotton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Galassi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comb%5Cu00e8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerbrat%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20develop%20a%20deep%20learning%20%28DL%29%20model%20for%20the%20detection%20of%20spinal%20cord%20%28SC%29%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20lesions%20from%20both%20sagittal%20T2%20and%20short%20tau%20inversion%20recovery%20%28STIR%29%20sequences%20and%20to%20investigate%20whether%20such%20a%20model%20could%20improve%20the%20performance%20of%20clinicians%20in%20detecting%20SC%20lesions.%5CnMATERIALS%20AND%20METHODS%3A%20A%20DL%20tool%20was%20developed%20based%20on%20SC%20sagittal%20T2%20and%20STIR%20acquisitions%20from%20the%20imaging%20database%20of%20the%20French%20MS%20registry%20%28OFSEP%29%2C%20including%20retrospective%20data%20from%2040%20different%20scanners.%20A%20multi-reader%20study%20based%20on%20retrospective%20data%20was%20performed%20between%20December%202023%20and%20June%202024%20to%20compare%20the%20performance%20of%2020%20clinicians%20in%20interpreting%20upper%20and%20lower%20SC%20acquisitions%20with%20and%20without%20the%20use%20of%20the%20tool.%20A%20ground%20truth%20was%20established%20by%20three%20experts.%20Sensitivity%2C%20precision%2C%20and%20inter-reader%20variability%20were%20evaluated.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20We%20included%2050%20patients%20%2839%20females%2C%20median%20age%3A%2041%20years%20%5Brange%3A%2015-67%5D%29%20with%20SC%20MRI%20acquired%20between%20February%202017%20and%20December%202022.%20When%20reading%20with%20the%20tool%2C%20the%20clinicians%26%23039%3B%20mean%20sensitivity%20to%20detect%20SC%20lesions%20improved%20%28from%2074.3%25%20%5B95%25%20CI%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu200967.8-80.6%25%5D%20to%2079.2%25%20%5B95%25%20CI%3A%2073.5-85.0%25%5D%3B%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%29%2C%20with%20no%20evidence%20of%20difference%20in%20the%20mean%20precision%3A%20%2869.0%25%20%5B95%25%20CI%3A%2062.8-75.2%25%5D%20vs%2070.1%25%20%5B95%25%20CI%3A%2064.3-75.9%25%5D%3B%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.08%29.%20Inter-reader%20variability%20in%20lesion%20detection%20was%20slightly%20improved%20with%20the%20tool%20%28Light%26%23039%3Bs%20kappa%5Cu2009%3D%200.55%20vs%200.60%29%2C%20but%20without%20statistical%20difference%20%28p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.056%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20The%20use%20of%20an%20automatic%20tool%20can%20help%20clinicians%20detect%20SC%20lesions%20in%20pwMS%20by%20increasing%20their%20sensitivity.%5CnKEY%20POINTS%3A%20Question%20No%20tool%20to%20help%20detect%20MS%20SC%20lesions%20is%20used%20in%20clinical%20practice%20despite%20their%20frequency%20and%20prognostic%20value.%20Findings%20This%20DL-based%20tool%20led%20to%20improvement%20in%20clinicians%26%23039%3B%20sensitivity%20in%20detecting%20SC%20lesions%20from%20both%20sagittal%20T2%20and%20STIR%20sequences%2C%20without%20decreasing%20precision.%20Clinical%20relevance%20Our%20study%20indicated%20the%20potential%20of%20a%20DL-based%20tool%20to%20assist%20clinicians%20in%20the%20challenging%20task%20of%20detecting%20SC%20lesions%20in%20people%20with%20MS%20on%20a%20combination%20of%20sequences%20commonly%20acquired%20in%20clinical%20practice.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-04-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00330-025-11541-0%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221432-1084%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-11-19T13%3A59%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224ELVJV2L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barrit%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-03-27%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarrit%2C%20S.%2C%20Torcida%2C%20N.%2C%20Mazeraud%2C%20A.%2C%20Boulogne%2C%20S.%2C%20Benoit%2C%20J.%2C%20Carette%2C%20T.%2C%20Carron%2C%20T.%2C%20Delsaut%2C%20B.%2C%20Diab%2C%20E.%2C%20Kermorvant%2C%20H.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Maldonado%20Slootjes%2C%20S.%2C%20Redon%2C%20S.%2C%20Robin%2C%20A.%2C%20Hadidane%2C%20S.%2C%20Harlay%2C%20V.%2C%20Tota%2C%20V.%2C%20Madec%2C%20T.%2C%20Niset%2C%20A.%2C%20Al%20Barajraji%2C%20M.%2C%20Madsen%2C%20J.R.%2C%20El%20Hadwe%2C%20S.%2C%20Massager%2C%20N.%2C%20Lagarde%2C%20S.%20and%20Carron%2C%20R.%20%282025%29%20%26%23x201C%3BSpecialized%20Large%20Language%20Model%20Outperforms%20Neurologists%20at%20Complex%20Diagnosis%20in%20Blinded%20Case-Based%20Evaluation%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBrain%20Sciences%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2015%284%29%2C%20p.%20347.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fbrainsci15040347%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3390%5C%2Fbrainsci15040347%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Specialized%20Large%20Language%20Model%20Outperforms%20Neurologists%20at%20Complex%20Diagnosis%20in%20Blinded%20Case-Based%20Evaluation%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sami%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torcida%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aurelien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazeraud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sebastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boulogne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timoth%5Cu00e9e%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thibault%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delsaut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eva%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diab%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kermorvant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sofia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maldonado%20Slootjes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Redon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sofiene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hadidane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vincent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harlay%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vito%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tota%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tanguy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madec%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexandre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niset%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mejdeddine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Al%20Barajraji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Salim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22El%20Hadwe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Massager%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stanislas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lagarde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carron%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5C%2FObjectives%3A%20Artificial%20intelligence%20%28AI%29%2C%20particularly%20large%20language%20models%20%28LLMs%29%2C%20has%20demonstrated%20versatility%20in%20various%20applications%20but%20faces%20challenges%20in%20specialized%20domains%20like%20neurology.%20This%20study%20evaluates%20a%20specialized%20LLM%26%23039%3Bs%20capability%20and%20trustworthiness%20in%20complex%20neurological%20diagnosis%2C%20comparing%20its%20performance%20to%20neurologists%20in%20simulated%20clinical%20settings.%20Methods%3A%20We%20deployed%20GPT-4%20Turbo%20%28OpenAI%2C%20San%20Francisco%2C%20CA%2C%20US%29%20through%20Neura%20%28Sciense%2C%20New%20York%2C%20NY%2C%20US%29%2C%20an%20AI%20infrastructure%20with%20a%20dual-database%20architecture%20integrating%20%26quot%3Blong-term%20memory%26quot%3B%20and%20%26quot%3Bshort-term%20memory%26quot%3B%20components%20on%20a%20curated%20neurological%20corpus.%20Five%20representative%20clinical%20scenarios%20were%20presented%20to%2013%20neurologists%20and%20the%20AI%20system.%20Participants%20formulated%20differential%20diagnoses%20based%20on%20initial%20presentations%2C%20followed%20by%20definitive%20diagnoses%20after%20receiving%20conclusive%20clinical%20information.%20Two%20senior%20academic%20neurologists%20blindly%20evaluated%20all%20responses%2C%20while%20an%20independent%20investigator%20assessed%20the%20verifiability%20of%20AI-generated%20information.%20Results%3A%20AI%20achieved%20a%20significantly%20higher%20normalized%20score%20%2886.17%25%29%20compared%20to%20neurologists%20%2855.11%25%2C%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.001%29.%20For%20differential%20diagnosis%20questions%2C%20AI%20scored%2085%25%20versus%2046.15%25%20for%20neurologists%2C%20and%20for%20final%20diagnosis%2C%2088.24%25%20versus%2070.93%25.%20AI%20obtained%2015%20maximum%20scores%20in%20its%2020%20evaluations%20and%20responded%20in%20under%2030%20s%20compared%20to%20neurologists%26%23039%3B%20average%20of%209%20min.%20All%20AI-provided%20references%20were%20classified%20as%20relevant%20with%20no%20hallucinatory%20content%20detected.%20Conclusions%3A%20A%20specialized%20LLM%20demonstrated%20superior%20diagnostic%20performance%20compared%20to%20practicing%20neurologists%20across%20complex%20clinical%20challenges.%20This%20indicates%20that%20appropriately%20harnessed%20LLMs%20with%20curated%20knowledge%20bases%20can%20achieve%20domain-specific%20relevance%20in%20complex%20clinical%20disciplines%2C%20suggesting%20potential%20for%20AI%20as%20a%20time-efficient%20asset%20in%20clinical%20practice.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-03-27%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fbrainsci15040347%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222076-3425%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-11-19T13%3A59%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22J9GHBINL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Guttieres%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGuttieres%2C%20L.%2C%20Vannelli%2C%20L.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Perriguey%2C%20M.%2C%20Elziere%2C%20M.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Hilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Stellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Stolowy%2C%20N.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282025%29%20%26%23x201C%3BFluorescein%20Angiography%20as%20a%20Surrogate%20Marker%20of%20Disease%20Activity%20in%20Susac%20Syndrome%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%28R%29%20Neuroimmunology%20%26amp%3B%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2012%282%29%2C%20p.%20e200379.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200379%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200379%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Fluorescein%20Angiography%20as%20a%20Surrogate%20Marker%20of%20Disease%20Activity%20in%20Susac%20Syndrome%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laura%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guttieres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vannelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perriguey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elziere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natacha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stolowy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVES%3A%20To%20evaluate%20the%20sensitivity%20of%20fluorescein%20angiography%20%28FA%29%20in%20detecting%20disease%20activity%20in%20Susac%20syndrome.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20conducted%20a%20blinded%20analysis%20of%20all%20FA%2C%20brain%20MRI%2C%20and%20audiogram%20examinations%20performed%20throughout%20the%20follow-up%20of%20patients%20with%20Susac%20syndrome.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20A%20total%20of%2079%20FA%20examinations%2C%2085%20brain%20MRI%20scans%2C%20and%2049%20audiograms%20were%20analyzed%20from%209%20patients%20followed%20for%20a%20mean%20%28SD%29%20period%20of%206%20%284%29%20years.%20Disease%20activity%20was%20detected%20in%2041.5%25%20of%20FA%20examinations%2C%2010.5%25%20of%20MRI%20scans%2C%20and%2025%25%20of%20audiograms%20%28FA%20vs%20MRI%2C%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.0001%3B%20FA%20vs%20audiogram%2C%20p%20%3D%200.06%3B%20audiogram%20vs%20MRI%2C%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.05%29.%20Within%203%20months%20of%20clinical%20relapses%2C%20activity%20was%20observed%20in%2057%25%2C%2024%25%2C%20and%2027%25%20of%20FA%2C%20MRI%2C%20and%20audiogram%20examinations%2C%20respectively%20%28FA%20vs%20MRI%2C%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.05%3B%20FA%20vs%20audiogram%2C%20p%20%3D%200.09%3B%20audiogram%20vs%20MRI%2C%20p%20%3D%201%29.%20Quantitative%20analysis%20of%20FA%20showed%20a%20mean%20%28SD%29%20of%202.5%20%282.5%29%20leakages%20%28both%20eyes%29%20during%20relapses%20compared%20with%201.2%20%281.4%29%20during%20remission%20%28p%20%26lt%3B%200.05%29.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20FA%2C%20particularly%20arterial%20leakage%2C%20demonstrated%20the%20highest%20sensitivity%20in%20detecting%20disease%20activity%20and%20may%20be%20a%20valuable%20tool%20for%20treatment%20management%20in%20Susac%20syndrome.%20Future%20studies%20with%20larger%20samples%20should%20aim%20to%20identify%20the%20optimal%20threshold%20of%20FA%20changes%20associated%20with%20an%20increased%20risk%20of%20relapse.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200379%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-01T09%3A50%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VB3DDV37%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grapperon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222025%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGrapperon%2C%20A.-M.%2C%20El%20Mendili%2C%20M.M.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Verschueren%2C%20A.%2C%20Attarian%2C%20S.%20and%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20%282025%29%20%26%23x201C%3BIn%20vivo%20mapping%20of%20sodium%20homeostasis%20disturbances%20in%20individual%20ALS%20patients%3A%20A%20brain%2023Na%20MRI%20study%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPloS%20One%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2020%281%29%2C%20p.%20e0316916.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0316916%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0316916%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22In%20vivo%20mapping%20of%20sodium%20homeostasis%20disturbances%20in%20individual%20ALS%20patients%3A%20A%20brain%2023Na%20MRI%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aude-Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grapperon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohamed%20Mounir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22El%20Mendili%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verschueren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shahram%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attarian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20Amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis%20%28ALS%29%20is%20a%20neurodegenerative%20disease%20characterized%20by%20significant%20heterogeneity%20among%20patients.%2023Na%20MRI%20maps%20abnormal%20sodium%20homeostasis%20that%20reflects%20metabolic%20alterations%20and%20energetic%20failure%20contributing%20to%20the%20neurodegenerative%20process.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20investigated%20disease%20severity%20at%20the%20individual%20level%20in%20ALS%20patients%20using%20brain%2023Na%20MRI.%5CnMETHODS%3A%201H%20and%2023Na%20brain%20MRI%20were%20collected%20prospectively%20from%2028%20ALS%20patients.%20Individual%20map%20of%20abnormal%20total%20sodium%20concentration%20%28TSC%29%20was%20computed%20using%20voxel-based%20statistical%20mapping%20for%20each%20patient%20compared%20to%20a%20local%20database%20of%2062%20healthy%20controls.%20Clinical%20data%20included%20the%20revised%20ALS%20functional%20rating%20scale%20%28ALSFRS-R%29%2C%20ALSFRS-R%20slope%2C%20ALSFRS-R%20at%206-month%20and%20survival%20time.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Individual%20maps%20quantifying%20voxels%20with%20TSC%20increase%20evidenced%20a%20high%20heterogeneity%20between%20patients%20consistent%20with%20clinical%20presentation.%20The%20main%20areas%20involved%20were%20the%20corticospinal%20tracts.%20Half%20of%20patients%20showed%20abnormal%20TSC%20increase%20within%20more%20than%201%25%20of%20whole%20brain%20voxels.%20Patients%20with%20TSC%20increase%20had%20worse%20clinical%20severity%3A%20higher%20ALSFRS-R%20slope%20%28p%20%3D%200.02%29%2C%20lower%20ALSFRS-R%20at%206-month%20%28p%20%3D%200.04%29%2C%20and%20shorter%20survival%20%28p%20%3D%200.04%29.%20ALS%20patients%20with%20limited%20TSC%20increase%20had%20slower%20progression%20of%20disability%20or%20predominant%20lower%20motor%20neuron%20phenotype%20or%20shorter%20disease%20duration.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20This%20study%20mapping%20sodium%20homeostasis%20disturbances%20at%20the%20individual%20level%20in%20ALS%20patients%20through%2023Na%20MRI%20evidenced%20heterogeneity%20of%20TSC%20increase%20among%20patients%20associated%20with%20clinical%20presentation%20and%20disease%20severity.%20These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20TSC%20increase%20detected%20at%20the%20individual%20level%20by%2023Na%20MRI%20may%20be%20a%20useful%20marker%20of%20the%20clinical%20heterogeneity%20of%20ALS%20patients%2C%20a%20factor%20that%20is%20likely%20to%20greatly%20influence%20the%20results%20of%20therapeutic%20trials.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222025%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0316916%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%22F2AGIUQU%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-11-19T13%3A59%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CHX847WV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Durozard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDurozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%2C%20Stellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Bouti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Demorti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20S.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Le%20Troter%2C%20A.%2C%20Dary%2C%20H.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20and%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20%282024%29%20%26%23x201C%3BCortical%20Lesions%20as%20an%20Early%20Hallmark%20of%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%3A%20Visualization%20by%207%20T%20MRI%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInvestigative%20Radiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2059%2811%29%2C%20p.%20747.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FRLI.0000000000001082%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1097%5C%2FRLI.0000000000001082%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cortical%20Lesions%20as%20an%20Early%20Hallmark%20of%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%3A%20Visualization%20by%207%20T%20MRI%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demorti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Troter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hugo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dary%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objectives%5Cu00a0%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Compelling%20evidence%20indicates%20a%20significant%20involvement%20of%20cortical%20lesions%20in%20the%20progressive%20phase%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%2C%20significantly%20contributing%20to%20late-stage%20disability.%20Despite%20the%20promise%20of%20ultra-high-field%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28MRI%29%20in%20detecting%20cortical%20lesions%2C%20current%20evidence%20falls%20short%20in%20providing%20insights%20into%20the%20existence%20of%20such%20lesions%20during%20the%20early%20stages%20of%20MS%20or%20their%20underlying%20cause.%20This%20study%20delineated%2C%20at%20the%20early%20stage%20of%20MS%2C%20%281%29%20the%20prevalence%20and%20spatial%20distribution%20of%20cortical%20lesions%20identified%20by%207%20T%20MRI%2C%20%282%29%20their%20relationship%20with%20white%20matter%20lesions%2C%20and%20%283%29%20their%20clinical%20implications.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Materials%20and%20Methods%5Cu00a0%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Twenty%20individuals%20with%20early-stage%20relapsing-remitting%20MS%20%28disease%20duration%20%26lt%3B1%20year%29%20underwent%20a%207%20T%20MRI%20session%20involving%20T1-weighted%20MP2RAGE%2C%20T2%2A-weighted%20multiGRE%2C%20and%20T2-weighted%20FLAIR%20sequences%20for%20cortical%20and%20white%20matter%20segmentation.%20Disability%20assessments%20included%20the%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%2C%20the%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Functional%20Composite%2C%20and%20an%20extensive%20evaluation%20of%20cognitive%20function.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cu00a0%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Cortical%20lesions%20were%20detected%20in%2015%20of%2020%20patients%20%2875%25%29.%20MP2RAGE%20revealed%20a%20total%20of%20190%20intracortical%20lesions%20%28median%2C%204%20lesions%5C%2Fcase%20%5Brange%2C%200%5Cu201344%5D%29%20and%20216%20leukocortical%20lesions%20%28median%2C%202%20lesions%5C%2Fcase%20%5Brange%2C%200%5Cu201375%5D%29.%20Although%20the%20number%20of%20white%20matter%20lesions%20correlated%20with%20the%20total%20number%20of%20leukocortical%20lesions%20%28r%20%3D%200.91%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%200.001%29%2C%20no%20correlation%20was%20observed%20between%20the%20number%20of%20white%20matter%20or%20leukocortical%20lesions%20and%20the%20number%20of%20intracortical%20lesions.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20number%20of%20leukocortical%20lesions%20but%20not%20intracortical%20or%20white-matter%20lesions%20was%20significantly%20correlated%20with%20cognitive%20impairment%20%28r%20%3D%200.63%2C%20P%20%3D%200.04%2C%20corrected%20for%20multiple%20comparisons%29.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cu00a0%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20study%20highlights%20the%20notable%20prevalence%20of%20cortical%20lesions%20at%20the%20early%20stage%20of%20MS%20identified%20by%207%20T%20MRI.%20There%20may%20be%20a%20potential%20divergence%20in%20the%20underlying%20pathophysiological%20mechanisms%20driving%20distinct%20lesion%20types%2C%20notably%20between%20intracortical%20lesions%20and%20white%20matter%5C%2Fleukocortical%20lesions.%20Moreover%2C%20during%20the%20early%20disease%20phase%2C%20leukocortical%20lesions%20more%20effectively%20accounted%20for%20cognitive%20deficits.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%202024%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FRLI.0000000000001082%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.lww.com%5C%2Finvestigativeradiology%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2F2024%5C%2F11000%5C%2Fcortical_lesions_as_an_early_hallmark_of_multiple.1.aspx%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%225P5FWCR9%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-09-12T07%3A59%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EFR2IKPY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maarouf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-05-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Stellmann%2C%20J.P.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282024%29%20%26%23x201C%3BActive%20and%20non-active%20progression%20independent%20of%20relapse%20activity%20within%20the%20first%2020%20years%20of%20relapsing%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Neurology%2C%20Neurosurgery%2C%20and%20Psychiatry%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20p.%20jnnp-2024-333597.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2024-333597%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2024-333597%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Active%20and%20non-active%20progression%20independent%20of%20relapse%20activity%20within%20the%20first%2020%20years%20of%20relapsing%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%20Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Progression%20independent%20of%20relapse%20activity%20%28PIRA%29%20has%20been%20described%20since%20the%20early%20stage%20of%20relapsing%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28RMS%29.%20However%2C%20little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20relation%20between%20PIRA%20and%20inflammatory%20activity%20that%20is%20particularly%20important%20at%20this%20stage%20of%20the%20disease.%5CnMETHOD%3A%20We%20included%20110%20patients%20in%20a%20prospective%20study%20within%2018%20months%20of%20RMS%20onset.%20MRI%20examinations%20and%20clinical%20visits%20were%20scheduled%20on%20the%20same%20day%20for%20months%200%2C%206%2C%2012%2C%2024%2C%2036%2C%2060%2C%2084%2C%20120%2C%20180%20and%20240.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20The%20mean%20%28SD%29%20age%20of%20patients%20was%2030%20%286.7%29%20years%20at%20inclusion%20and%20median%20%28range%29%20follow-up%2015%20%289-20%29%20years.%20Analysis%20of%201118%20between-visit%20intervals%20revealed%2093%20confirmed%20disability%20accumulation%20events%20in%2068%20%2862%25%29%20patients%3A%2050%20%2854%25%29%20events%20related%20to%20relapse%20activity%20worsening%20and%2043%20%2846%25%29%20PIRA%20events%2C%20including%2017%20%2818%25%29%20with%20MRI%20activity.%20The%20risk%20of%20PIRA%20between%20two%20visits%20%28stable%20event%20as%20the%20reference%20category%29%20was%20associated%20with%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20%28EDSS%29%20score%20%28HR%3A%201.41%3B%2095%25%20CI%3A%201.18%20to%201.69%3B%20p%26lt%3B0.001%29%2C%20disease%20duration%20%28HR%3A%200.75%3B%2095%25%5Cu2009CI%3A%200.62%20to%200.90%3B%20p%26lt%3B0.005%29%20and%20new%20lesions%20between%20the%20visits%20%28HR%3A%201.09%20per%20lesion%3B%2095%25%5Cu2009CI%3A%201.01%20to%201.17%3B%20p%26lt%3B0.05%29.%20As%20compared%20with%20PIRA%20events%20with%20MRI%20activity%2C%20PIRA%20events%20without%20such%20activity%20occurred%20in%20patients%20with%20more%20disability%20%28mean%20EDSS%20score%203%2C%20p%26lt%3B0.05%29%2C%20longer%20disease%20duration%20%28mean%2011%20years%2C%20p%26lt%3B0.001%29%20and%20greater%20number%20of%20T2-weighted%20lesions%20%28p%26lt%3B0.05%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20This%20study%20evidenced%20that%20inflammatory%20activity%20increases%20the%20risk%20of%20PIRA%20in%20early%20RMS%2C%20arguing%20that%20a%20significant%20part%20of%20PIRA%20is%20accessible%20to%20treatment%20targeting%20inflammation%20in%20these%20patients.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-05-06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2024-333597%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221468-330X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-09-12T07%3A58%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225G3SGMDG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Graille-Avy%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGraille-Avy%2C%20L.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rigollet%2C%20C.%2C%20Perriguey%2C%20M.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Hilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Vely%2C%20F.%2C%20Bertault-Peres%2C%20P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282024%29%20%26%23x201C%3BEffect%20of%20Prior%20Treatment%20With%20Fingolimod%20on%20Early%20and%20Late%20Response%20to%20Rituximab%5C%2FOcrelizumab%20in%20Patients%20With%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%28R%29%20Neuroimmunology%20%26amp%3B%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2011%283%29%2C%20p.%20e200231.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200231%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200231%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20of%20Prior%20Treatment%20With%20Fingolimod%20on%20Early%20and%20Late%20Response%20to%20Rituximab%5C%2FOcrelizumab%20in%20Patients%20With%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graille-Avy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Camille%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rigollet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perriguey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vely%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertault-Peres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%20AND%20OBJECTIVES%3A%20Real-life%20studies%20noted%20that%20the%20risk%20of%20disease%20activity%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20after%20switching%20to%20rituximab%20%28RTX%29%20or%20ocrelizumab%20%28OCR%29%20may%20be%20unequal%20depending%20on%20prior%20disease-modifying%20therapy%20%28DMT%29%2C%20with%20a%20higher%20risk%20associated%20with%20fingolimod%20%28FING%29.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20performed%20a%20retrospective%20analysis%20of%20a%20structured%20prospective%20data%20collection%20including%20all%20consecutive%20patients%20with%20relapsing%20MS%20who%20were%20prescribed%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20in%20the%20MS%20center%20of%20Marseille.%20Cox%20proportional%20hazards%20models%20were%20applied%20to%20clinical%20and%20MRI%20outcomes.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20We%20included%20321%20patients%20with%20a%20median%20%28interquartile%20range%20%5BIQR%5D%29%20follow-up%20of%203.5%20years%20%281.5-5%29%20after%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20initiation.%20At%20the%20first%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20infusion%2C%20the%20mean%20%28SD%29%20age%20of%20patients%20was%2037%20%2810%29%20years%2C%20and%20the%20median%20%28IQR%29%20disease%20duration%20was%208%20years%20%283-15%29%3A%2068%20patients%20did%20not%20receive%20treatment%20before%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20and%20108%20switched%20from%20FING%2C%2047%20from%20low%20efficacy%20therapy%2C%20and%2098%20from%20natalizumab.%20For%20statistical%20analysis%2C%20the%20group%20%26quot%3BFING%26quot%3B%20was%20divided%20into%20%26quot%3Bshort-FING%26quot%3B%20and%20%26quot%3Blong-FING%26quot%3B%20groups%20according%20to%20the%20median%20value%20of%20the%20group%26%23039%3Bs%20washout%20period%20%2827%20days%29.%20On%20Cox%20proportional%20hazards%20analysis%2C%20for%20only%20the%20%26quot%3Blong-FING%26quot%3B%20group%2C%20the%20risk%20of%20relapse%20within%20the%20first%206%20months%20of%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20was%20increased%20as%20compared%20with%20patients%20without%20previous%20DMT%20%28hazard%20ratio%20%5BHR%5D%3A%208.78%3B%2095%25%20CI%201.72-44.86%3B%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.01%29.%20Previous%20DMT%20and%20washout%20period%20duration%20of%20FING%20had%20no%20effect%20on%20B-cell%20levels%20at%206%20months.%20Beyond%20the%20first%206%20months%20of%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%2C%20age%20%26lt%3B40%20years%20was%20associated%20with%20increased%20risk%20of%20relapse%20%28HR%3A%203.93%3B%2095%25%20CI%201.30-11.89%3B%20p%20%3D%200.01%29%2C%20male%20sex%20with%20increased%20risk%20of%20new%20T2%20lesions%20%28HR%3A%202.26%3B%2095%25%20CI%201.08-4.74%3B%20p%20%3D%200.03%29%2C%20and%20EDSS%20%5Cu22652%20with%20increased%20risk%20of%20disability%20accumulation%20%28HR%3A%203.01%3B%2095%25%20CI%201.34-6.74%3B%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.01%29.%20Previous%20DMT%20had%20no%20effect%20on%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20beyond%206%20months%20after%20initiation.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20For%20patients%20switching%20from%20FING%20to%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%2C%20the%20risk%20of%20disease%20reactivation%20within%20the%20first%206%20months%20of%20treatment%20was%20increased%20as%20compared%20with%20patients%20with%20other%20DMT%20or%20no%20previous%20DMT%20only%20when%20the%20washout%20period%20exceeded%2026%20days.%20Neither%20FING%20nor%20other%20previous%20DMT%20reduced%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20beyond%20the%20first%206%20months%20of%20treatment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-05%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200231%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-01T09%3A50%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NMDESKDG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Demortiere%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-04-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDemortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Joubert%2C%20B.%2C%20Benaiteau%2C%20M.%2C%20Hilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Stolowy%2C%20N.%2C%20Dubois%2C%20V.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%20and%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20%282024%29%20%26%23x201C%3BAnti-IgLON5%20Disease%20With%20Inaugural%20Bilateral%20Neuropapillitis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20102%288%29%2C%20p.%20e209284.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FWNL.0000000000209284%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FWNL.0000000000209284%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Anti-IgLON5%20Disease%20With%20Inaugural%20Bilateral%20Neuropapillitis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bastien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Joubert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benaiteau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Natacha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stolowy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Valerie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubois%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-04-23%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FWNL.0000000000209284%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221526-632X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-03-29T08%3A57%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JVQG8Z5Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cruz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-03-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCruz%2C%20E.S.%2C%20Fortanier%2C%20E.%2C%20Hilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Bouti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20C.%2C%20Demorti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20S.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Delmont%2C%20E.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Attarian%2C%20S.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282024%29%20%26%23x201C%3BFactors%20affecting%20the%20topography%20of%20nitrous%20oxide-induced%20neurological%20complications%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEuropean%20Journal%20of%20Neurology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20p.%20e16291.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fene.16291%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fene.16291%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Factors%20affecting%20the%20topography%20of%20nitrous%20oxide-induced%20neurological%20complications%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eva%20Sole%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cruz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Etienne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fortanier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demorti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delmont%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shahram%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attarian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20The%20factors%20underlying%20the%20topography%20of%20nitrous%20oxide%20%28N2O%29-induced%20neurological%20complications%20are%20unknown.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20included%20all%20consecutive%20patients%20admitted%20to%20the%20university%20hospital%20of%20Marseille%20for%20N2O-induced%20neurological%20complications%20in%20a%20prospective%20observational%20study.%20Patients%20underwent%20neurological%20examination%2C%20spinal%20cord%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%2C%20and%20nerve%20conduction%20studies%20within%20the%20first%204%5Cu2009weeks%20after%20admission.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20In%20total%2C%2061%20patients%20were%20included%3A%2045%25%20with%20myeloneuropathy%2C%2034%25%20with%20isolated%20myelopathy%2C%20and%2021%25%20with%20isolated%20neuropathy.%20On%20multivariable%20analysis%2C%20the%20odds%20of%20myelopathy%20were%20associated%20with%20the%20amount%20of%20weekly%20N2O%20consumption%20%28~600%5Cu2009g%20cylinder%20per%20week%2C%20odds%20ratio%20%5BOR%5D%20%3D%5Cu20091.11%2C%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%20%5BCI%5D%20%3D%5Cu20091.001-1.24%29.%20The%20extent%20of%20the%20myelopathy%20%28number%20of%20vertebral%20segments%29%20was%20correlated%20with%20the%20number%20of%20~600-g%20cylinders%20consumed%20weekly%20%28%5Cu03c1%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.40%2C%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.005%29.%20The%20odds%20of%20neuropathy%20were%20associated%20with%20the%20duration%20of%20consumption%20%28per%20month%3B%20OR%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091.29%2C%2095%25%20CI%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091.05-1.58%29.%20Mean%20lower-limb%20motor%20nerve%20amplitude%20was%20correlated%20with%20the%20duration%20of%20consumption%20%28in%20months%3B%20%5Cu03c1%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009-0.34%2C%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.05%29.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20odds%20of%20myelopathy%20increased%20with%20the%20amount%20of%20N2O%20consumption%2C%20and%20the%20odds%20of%20neuropathy%20increased%20with%20the%20duration%20of%20N2O%20exposure%2C%20which%20suggests%20distinct%20pathophysiological%20mechanisms%20underlying%20these%20two%20neurological%20complications.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-03-26%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fene.16291%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221468-1331%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-09-19T07%3A43%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LKL8F93N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Venet%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-01-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVenet%2C%20M.%2C%20Lepine%2C%20A.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Biotti%2C%20D.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Casez%2C%20O.%2C%20Cohen%2C%20M.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Demorti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20S.%2C%20Giorgi%2C%20L.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Mathey%2C%20G.%2C%20Mazzola%2C%20L.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Camdessanche%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Deiva%2C%20K.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282024%29%20%26%23x201C%3BControl%20of%20disease%20activity%20with%20large%20extended-interval%20dosing%20of%20rituximab%5C%2Focrelizumab%20in%20highly%20active%20pediatric%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20p.%2013524585231223069.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585231223069%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585231223069%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Control%20of%20disease%20activity%20with%20large%20extended-interval%20dosing%20of%20rituximab%5C%2Focrelizumab%20in%20highly%20active%20pediatric%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melany%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Venet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lepine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Damien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cohen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demorti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laetitia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giorgi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mazzola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camdessanche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kumaran%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deiva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Recent%20studies%20in%20adults%20suggested%20that%20extended-interval%20dosing%20of%20rituximab%5C%2Focrelizumab%20%28RTX%5C%2FOCR%29%20larger%20than%2012%20months%20was%20safe%20and%20could%20improve%20safety.%20This%20was%20an%20observational%20cohort%20study%20of%20very%20active%20pediatric-onset%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28PoMS%29%20%28median%20%28range%29%20age%2C%2016%20%2812-17%29%20years%29%20treated%20with%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20with%206%20month%20standard-interval%20dosing%20%28n%20%3D%209%29%20or%20early%20extended-interval%20dosing%20%28n%20%3D%2012%2C%20median%20%28range%29%20interval%2018%20months%20%2812-25%29%29.%20Within%20a%20median%20%28range%29%20follow-up%20of%2031%20%2812-63%29%20months%20after%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20onset%2C%20one%20patient%20%28standard-interval%29%20experienced%20relapse%20and%20no%20patient%20showed%20disability%20worsening%20or%20new%20T2-weighted%20lesions.%20This%20study%20suggests%20that%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20is%20maintained%20with%20a%20median%20extended-interval%20dosing%20of%2018%20months%20in%20patients%20with%20very%20active%20PoMS.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024-01-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F13524585231223069%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-09-12T07%3A59%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CBEZGFUB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Claverie%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BClaverie%2C%20R.%2C%20Perriguey%2C%20M.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Hilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Dubrou%2C%20C.%2C%20Vely%2C%20F.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20and%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%20%282023%29%20%26%23x201C%3BEfficacy%20of%20Rituximab%20Outlasts%20B-Cell%20Repopulation%20in%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%3A%20Time%20to%20Rethink%20Dosing%3F%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%28R%29%20Neuroimmunology%20%26amp%3B%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2010%285%29%2C%20p.%20e200152.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200152%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200152%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Efficacy%20of%20Rituximab%20Outlasts%20B-Cell%20Repopulation%20in%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%3A%20Time%20to%20Rethink%20Dosing%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roxane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Claverie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perriguey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clea%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubrou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vely%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%20AND%20OBJECTIVES%3A%20Patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28PwMS%29%20receiving%20extended%20dosing%20of%20rituximab%20%28RTX%29%20have%20exhibited%20no%20return%20of%20disease%20activity%2C%20which%20suggests%20that%20maintenance%20of%20deep%20depletion%20of%20circulating%20B%20cells%20is%20not%20necessary%20to%20maintain%20the%20efficacy%20of%20RTX%20in%20MS.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20This%20was%20a%20prospective%20monocentric%20observational%20study%20including%20all%20consecutive%20PwMS%20who%20started%20or%20continued%20RTX%20after%202019%2C%20when%20the%20medical%20staff%20decided%20to%20extend%20the%20dosing%20interval%20up%20to%2024%20months%20for%20all%20patients.%20Circulating%20B-cell%20subsets%20were%20monitored%20regularly%20and%20systematically%20in%20case%20of%20relapse.%20The%20first%20extended%20interval%20was%20analyzed.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20We%20included%20236%20PwMS%20%2881%25%20with%20relapsing-remitting%20MS%3B%20mean%20%5BSD%5D%20age%2043%20%5B12%5D%20years%3B%20median%20%5Brange%5D%20EDSS%20score%204%20%5B0-8%5D%3B%20mean%20relapse%20rate%20during%20the%20year%20before%20RTX%20start%201.09%20%5B0.99%5D%3B%2041.5%25%20with%20MRI%20activity%29.%20The%20median%20number%20of%20RTX%20infusions%20before%20extension%20was%204%20%281-13%29.%20At%20the%20time%20of%20the%20analysis%2C%20the%20median%20delay%20in%20dosing%20was%2017%20months%20%288-39%29%3B%20the%20median%20proportion%20of%20circulating%20CD19%2B%20B%20cells%20was%207%25%20%280-25%29%20of%20total%20lymphocytes%20and%20that%20of%20CD27%2B%20memory%20B%20cells%20was%204%25%20%280-16%29%20of%20total%20B%20cells.%20The%20mean%20annual%20relapse%20rate%20did%20not%20differ%20before%20and%20after%20the%20extension%3A%200.03%20%280.5%29%20and%200.04%20%280.15%29%20%28p%20%3D%200.51%29.%20Similarly%2C%20annual%20relapse%20rates%20did%20not%20differ%20before%20and%20after%20extension%20in%20patients%20with%20EDSS%20score%20%5Cu22643%20%28n%20%3D%2079%29%20or%20disease%20duration%20%5Cu22645%20years%20%28n%20%3D%2071%29%20at%20RTX%20onset.%20During%20the%20%26quot%3Bextended%20dosing%26quot%3B%20period%2C%20MRI%20demonstrated%20no%20lesion%20accrual%20in%20228%20of%20the%20236%20patients%20%2897%25%29.%20Five%20patients%20experienced%20clinical%20relapse%2C%20which%20was%20confirmed%20by%20MRI.%20In%20these%20patients%2C%20the%20level%20of%20B-cell%20subset%20reconstitution%20at%20the%20time%20of%20the%20relapse%20did%20not%20differ%20from%20that%20for%20patients%20with%20the%20same%20extension%20window.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20The%20efficacy%20of%20RTX%20outlasted%20substantial%20reconstitution%20of%20circulating%20B%20cells%20in%20PwMS%2C%20which%20suggests%20that%20renewal%20of%20the%20immune%20system%20underlies%20the%20prolonged%20effect%20of%20RTX%20in%20MS.%20These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20extended%20interval%20dosing%20of%20RTX%20that%20leads%20to%20a%20significant%20reconstitution%20of%20circulating%20B%20cells%20is%20safe%20in%20PwMS%2C%20could%20reduce%20the%20risk%20of%20infection%2C%20and%20could%20improve%20vaccine%20efficacy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200152%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-01T09%3A50%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RTM5VRM7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Demortiere%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDemortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Hilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282023%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDisease%20Evolution%20in%20Women%20With%20Highly%20Active%20MS%20Who%20Suspended%20Natalizumab%20During%20Pregnancy%20vs%20Rituximab%5C%2FOcrelizumab%20Before%20Conception%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%28R%29%20Neuroimmunology%20%26amp%3B%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2010%285%29%2C%20p.%20e200161.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200161%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200161%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disease%20Evolution%20in%20Women%20With%20Highly%20Active%20MS%20Who%20Suspended%20Natalizumab%20During%20Pregnancy%20vs%20Rituximab%5C%2FOcrelizumab%20Before%20Conception%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frederic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%20AND%20OBJECTIVES%3A%20In%20women%20with%20highly%20active%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%2C%20suspending%20rituximab%20%28RTX%29%20for%20planning%20pregnancy%20is%20associated%20with%20low%20disease%20reactivation.%20Whether%20this%20strategy%20reduces%20the%20risk%20of%20disease%20reactivity%20as%20compared%20with%20suspending%20natalizumab%20%28NTZ%29%203%20months%20after%20conception%20is%20unclear.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20retrospectively%20included%20women%20with%20MS%20followed%20in%20our%20department%20during%20pregnancy%20and%201%20year%20after%20birth%20who%20suspended%20NTZ%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20first%20trimester%20%28option%20mostly%20proposed%20before%202016%29%20or%20suspended%20RTX%5C%2Focrelizumab%20%28RTX%5C%2FOCR%29%20in%20the%20year%20before%20conception%20%28option%20proposed%20since%202016%29.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20In%20women%20who%20suspended%20NTZ%2C%2045%20pregnancies%20resulted%20in%203%20miscarriages%20and%2042%20live%20births%2C%20including%201%20newborn%20with%20major%20malformations.%20In%20women%20who%20suspended%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%2C%2037%20pregnancies%20resulted%20in%203%20miscarriages%20and%2033%20live%20births%3B%201%20pregnancy%20was%20terminated%20for%20malformation.%20During%20pregnancy%2C%20relapse%20occurred%20in%203%5C%2F42%20%287.1%25%29%20patients%20of%20the%20NTZ%20group%20and%201%5C%2F33%20%283%25%29%20of%20the%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20group%20%28p%20%3D%200.6%29.%20After%20delivery%2C%20relapse%20occurred%20in%209%5C%2F42%20%2821.4%25%29%20patients%20of%20the%20NTZ%20group%20and%200%5C%2F33%20of%20the%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20group%20%28p%20%26lt%3B%200.01%29.%20In%20the%20NTZ%20group%2C%208%5C%2F9%20relapses%20occurred%20in%20patients%20who%20restarted%20NTZ%20less%20than%204%20weeks%20after%20delivery.%20The%20proportion%20of%20patients%20with%20gadolinium-enhanced%20and%5C%2For%20new%20T2%20lesions%20on%20brain%20or%20spinal%20cord%20MRI%20performed%20after%20delivery%20was%20higher%20in%20the%20NTZ%20than%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20group%20%2814%5C%2F40%20%5B35%25%5D%20vs%201%5C%2F31%20%5B3%25%5D%20patients%2C%20p%20%3D%200.001%29%2C%20the%20proportion%20with%20EDSS%20score%20progression%20during%20the%20period%20including%20pregnancy%20and%20the%20year%20after%20delivery%20was%20higher%20%287%5C%2F42%20%5B17%25%5D%20vs%200%5C%2F33%20patients%2C%20p%20%3D%200.01%29%2C%20and%20the%20proportion%20fulfilling%20NEDA-3%20during%20this%20period%20was%20lower%20%2821%5C%2F40%20%5B53%25%5D%20vs%2030%5C%2F31%20%5B97%25%5D%20patients%2C%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.001%29.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20Suspending%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20in%20the%20year%20before%20conception%20in%20women%20with%20highly%20active%20MS%20was%20associated%20with%20no%20disease%20reactivation%20during%20and%20after%20pregnancy.%20As%20previously%20reported%2C%20stopping%20NTZ%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20first%20trimester%20was%20associated%20with%20disease%20reactivation.%20In%20women%20receiving%20NTZ%20who%20are%20planning%20pregnancy%2C%20a%20bridge%20to%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20for%20pregnancy%20or%20continuing%20NTZ%20until%20week%2034%20are%20both%20reasonable%20clinical%20decisions.%20The%20RTX%5C%2FOCR%20option%20is%20more%20comfortable%20for%20women%20and%20reduces%20the%20exposure%20of%20infants%20to%20monoclonal%20antibodies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-09%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000200161%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-08-29T07%3A43%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224MEY9XYY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rode%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRode%2C%20J.%2C%20Pique%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Ayrignac%2C%20X.%2C%20Bourre%2C%20B.%2C%20Ciron%2C%20J.%2C%20Cohen%2C%20M.%2C%20Collongues%2C%20N.%2C%20Deschamps%2C%20R.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Montcuquet%2C%20A.%2C%20Papeix%2C%20C.%2C%20Ruet%2C%20A.%2C%20Wiertlewski%2C%20S.%2C%20Zephir%2C%20H.%2C%20Marignier%2C%20R.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282023%29%20%26%23x201C%3BTime%20to%20steroids%20impacts%20visual%20outcome%20of%20optic%20neuritis%20in%20MOGAD%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Neurology%2C%20Neurosurgery%20%26amp%3B%20Psychiatry%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2094%284%29%2C%20pp.%20309%26%23x2013%3B313.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2022-330360%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2022-330360%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Time%20to%20steroids%20impacts%20visual%20outcome%20of%20optic%20neuritis%20in%20MOGAD%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rode%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pique%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayrignac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cohen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collongues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschamps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Montcuquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papeix%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aurelie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandrine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiertlewski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zephir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%20To%20characterise%20the%20response%20to%20treatment%20of%20inaugural%20optic%20neuritis%20%28ON%29%20in%20patients%20with%20myelin%20oligodendrocyte%20glycoprotein%20antibody-associated%20disease%20%28MOGAD%29.%5CnMethods%20We%20searched%20the%20French%20MOGAD%20database%20for%20adults%20with%20inaugural%20ON%20with%20a%20detailed%20report%20of%20acute%20treatment%20modalities%20and%20measures%20of%20high-contrast%20best-corrected%20visual%20acuity%20%28BCVA%29%20at%20nadir%20and%20after%203%20months.%20Predictors%20of%20visual%20outcomes%20were%20assessed%20by%20multivariable%20analysis.%5CnResults%20Among%20245%20patients%20with%20at%20least%20one%20episode%20of%20ON%2C%2082%20fulfilled%20all%20criteria%2C%20and%20data%20on%20the%20peripapillary%20retinal%20nerve%20fibre%20layer%20%28pRNFL%29%20were%20available%20for%2044.%20All%20patients%20received%20methylprednisolone%20%28MP%29%2C%20combined%20with%20plasma%20exchange%20in%2018.%20After%203%20months%2C%2075%20of%2082%20%2891%25%29%20patients%20retained%20full%20BCVA%20recovery%2C%20and%20median%20%28range%29%20pRNFL%20of%20the%20affected%20eye%20was%2072%20%5Cu00b5m%20%2840%5Cu2013102%29.%20Failure%20to%20regain%200.0%20logarithmic%20minimum%20angle%20of%20resolution%20vision%20%28Snellen%2020%5C%2F20%29%20at%203%20months%20was%20associated%20with%20time%20to%20first%20MP%20treatment%20%5Cu226510%20days%20%28OR%2016%2C%2095%25%20CI%201.14%20to%20213%2C%20p%3D0.01%29.%20pRNFL%20thickness%20after%203%20months%20was%20related%20to%20better%20BCVA%20at%20nadir%20and%20time%20to%20first%20MP%20treatment%20%26lt%3B10%20days%20%28r2%3D19%25%2C%20p%3D0.004%20and%20r2%3D11%25%2C%20p%3D0.03%2C%20respectively%29.%5CnConclusions%20Time%20to%20MP%20affects%20functional%20but%20also%20structural%20visual%20outcomes%20of%20ON%20in%20MOGAD.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%5C%2F04%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2022-330360%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3050%2C%201468-330X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjnnp.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F94%5C%2F4%5C%2F309%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-21T08%3A22%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229LHNIBIX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vukusic%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVukusic%2C%20S.%2C%20Marignier%2C%20R.%2C%20Ciron%2C%20J.%2C%20Bourre%2C%20B.%2C%20Cohen%2C%20M.%2C%20Deschamps%2C%20R.%2C%20Guillaume%2C%20M.%2C%20Kremer%2C%20L.%2C%20Pique%2C%20J.%2C%20Carra-Dalliere%2C%20C.%2C%20Michel%2C%20L.%2C%20Leray%2C%20E.%2C%20Guennoc%2C%20A.-M.%2C%20Laplaud%2C%20D.%2C%20Androdias%2C%20G.%2C%20Bensa%2C%20C.%2C%20Bigaut%2C%20K.%2C%20Biotti%2C%20D.%2C%20Branger%2C%20P.%2C%20Casez%2C%20O.%2C%20Daval%2C%20E.%2C%20Donze%2C%20C.%2C%20Dubessy%2C%20A.-L.%2C%20Dulau%2C%20C.%2C%20Durand-Dubief%2C%20F.%2C%20Hebant%2C%20B.%2C%20Kwiatkowski%2C%20A.%2C%20Lannoy%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Manchon%2C%20E.%2C%20Mathey%2C%20G.%2C%20Moisset%2C%20X.%2C%20Montcuquet%2C%20A.%2C%20Roux%2C%20T.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%20and%20Lebrun-Frenay%2C%20C.%20%282023%29%20%26%23x201C%3BPregnancy%20and%20neuromyelitis%20optica%20spectrum%20disorders%3A%202022%20recommendations%20from%20the%20French%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Society%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2029%281%29%2C%20pp.%2037%26%23x2013%3B51.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221130934%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221130934%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pregnancy%20and%20neuromyelitis%20optica%20spectrum%20disorders%3A%202022%20recommendations%20from%20the%20French%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Society%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vukusic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cohen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschamps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pique%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarisse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carra-Dalliere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne-Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guennoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laplaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9raldine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Androdias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bensa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bigaut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Damien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elodie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daval%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne-Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubessy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dulau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7oise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durand-Dubief%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hebant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kwiatkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lannoy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manchon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moisset%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Montcuquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lebrun-Frenay%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3AIn%202020%2C%20the%20French%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20Society%20%28SFSEP%29%20decided%20to%20develop%20a%20national%20evidence-based%20consensus%20on%20pregnancy%20in%20MS.%20As%20neuromyelitis%20optica%20spectrum%20disorders%20%28NMOSD%29%20shares%20a%20series%20of%20commonalities%20with%20MS%2C%20but%20also%20some%20significant%20differences%2C%20specific%20recommendations%20had%20to%20be%20developed.Objectives%3ATo%20establish%20recommendations%20on%20pregnancy%20in%20women%20with%20NMOSD.Methods%3AThe%20French%20Group%20for%20Recommendations%20in%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20%28France4MS%29%20reviewed%20PubMed%20and%20universities%20databases%20%28January%201975%20through%20June%202021%29.%20The%20RAND%5C%2FUCLA%20appropriateness%20method%2C%20which%20was%20developed%20to%20synthesise%20the%20scientific%20literature%20and%20expert%20opinions%20on%20health%20care%20topics%2C%20was%20used%20to%20reach%20a%20formal%20agreement.%20Fifty-six%20MS%20experts%20worked%20on%20the%20full-text%20review%20and%20initial%20wording%20of%20recommendations.%20A%20sub-group%20of%20nine%20NMOSD%20experts%20was%20dedicated%20to%20analysing%20available%20data%20on%20NMOSD.%20A%20group%20of%2062%20multidisciplinary%20healthcare%20specialists%20validated%20the%20final%20proposal%20of%20summarised%20evidence.Results%3AA%20strong%20agreement%20was%20reached%20for%20all%2066%20proposed%20recommendations.%20They%20cover%20diverse%20topics%2C%20such%20as%20pregnancy%20planning%2C%20follow-up%20during%20pregnancy%20and%20postpartum%2C%20delivery%20routes%2C%20loco-regional%20analgesia%20or%20anaesthesia%2C%20prevention%20of%20postpartum%20relapses%2C%20breastfeeding%2C%20vaccinations%2C%20reproductive%20assistance%2C%20management%20of%20relapses%2C%20and%20disease-modifying%20treatments.Conclusion%3APhysicians%20and%20patients%20should%20be%20aware%20of%20the%20new%20and%20specific%20evidence-based%20recommendations%20of%20the%20French%20MS%20Society%20for%20pregnancy%20in%20women%20with%20NMOSD.%20They%20should%20help%20harmonise%20counselling%20and%20treatment%20practise%2C%20allowing%20for%20better%20individualised%20choices.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F13524585221130934%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221352-4585%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221130934%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B2M3AZVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-11T08%3A54%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L2PDYDUD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vukusic%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVukusic%2C%20S.%2C%20Carra-Dalliere%2C%20C.%2C%20Ciron%2C%20J.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Michel%2C%20L.%2C%20Leray%2C%20E.%2C%20Guennoc%2C%20A.-M.%2C%20Bourre%2C%20B.%2C%20Laplaud%2C%20D.%2C%20Androdias%2C%20G.%2C%20Bensa%2C%20C.%2C%20Bigaut%2C%20K.%2C%20Biotti%2C%20D.%2C%20Branger%2C%20P.%2C%20Casez%2C%20O.%2C%20Cohen%2C%20M.%2C%20Daval%2C%20E.%2C%20Deschamps%2C%20R.%2C%20Donze%2C%20C.%2C%20Dubessy%2C%20A.-L.%2C%20Dulau%2C%20C.%2C%20Durand-Dubief%2C%20F.%2C%20Guillaume%2C%20M.%2C%20Hebant%2C%20B.%2C%20Kremer%2C%20L.%2C%20Kwiatkowski%2C%20A.%2C%20Lannoy%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Manchon%2C%20E.%2C%20Mathey%2C%20G.%2C%20Moisset%2C%20X.%2C%20Montcuquet%2C%20A.%2C%20Pique%2C%20J.%2C%20Roux%2C%20T.%2C%20Marignier%2C%20R.%20and%20Lebrun-Frenay%3B%2C%20C.%20%282023%29%20%26%23x201C%3BPregnancy%20and%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%202022%20recommendations%20from%20the%20French%20multiple%20sclerosis%20society%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2029%281%29%2C%20pp.%2011%26%23x2013%3B36.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221129472%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221129472%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pregnancy%20and%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%202022%20recommendations%20from%20the%20French%20multiple%20sclerosis%20society%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vukusic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarisse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carra-Dalliere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne-Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guennoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laplaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9raldine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Androdias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bensa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bigaut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Damien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Biotti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cohen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elodie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daval%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschamps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne-Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dubessy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dulau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7oise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durand-Dubief%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hebant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kremer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kwiatkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lannoy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Manchon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moisset%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alexis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Montcuquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pique%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lebrun-Frenay%3B%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective%3AThe%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20develop%20evidence-based%20recommendations%20on%20pregnancy%20management%20for%20persons%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29.Background%3AMS%20typically%20affects%20young%20women%20in%20their%20childbearing%20years.%20Increasing%20evidence%20is%20available%20to%20inform%20questions%20raised%20by%20MS%20patients%20and%20health%20professionals%20about%20pregnancy%20issues.Methods%3AThe%20French%20Group%20for%20Recommendations%20in%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20%28France4MS%29%20reviewed%20PubMed%20and%20university%20databases%20%28January%201975%20through%20June%202021%29.%20The%20RAND%5C%2FUCLA%20appropriateness%20method%20was%20developed%20to%20synthesise%20the%20scientific%20literature%20and%20expert%20opinions%20on%20healthcare%20topics%3B%20it%20was%20used%20to%20reach%20a%20formal%20agreement.%20Fifty-six%20MS%20experts%20worked%20on%20the%20full-text%20review%20and%20initial%20wording%20of%20recommendations.%20A%20group%20of%2062%20multidisciplinary%20healthcare%20specialists%20validated%20the%20final%20proposal%20of%20summarised%20evidence.Results%3AA%20strong%20agreement%20was%20reached%20for%20all%20104%20proposed%20recommendations.%20They%20cover%20diverse%20topics%2C%20such%20as%20pregnancy%20planning%2C%20follow-up%20during%20pregnancy%20and%20postpartum%2C%20delivery%20routes%2C%20locoregional%20analgesia%20or%20anaesthesia%2C%20prevention%20of%20postpartum%20relapses%2C%20breastfeeding%2C%20vaccinations%2C%20reproductive%20assistance%2C%20management%20of%20relapses%20and%20disease-modifying%20treatments.Conclusion%3AThe%202022%20recommendations%20of%20the%20French%20MS%20society%20should%20be%20helpful%20to%20harmonise%20counselling%20and%20treatment%20practice%20for%20pregnancy%20in%20persons%20with%20MS%2C%20allowing%20for%20better%20and%20individualised%20choices.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-01-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F13524585221129472%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221352-4585%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221129472%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B2M3AZVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-11T08%3A54%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226GQS6B3H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maarouf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-10-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Gherib%2C%20S.%2C%20El%20Mendili%2C%20M.M.%2C%20Viout%2C%20P.%2C%20Pariollaud%2C%20F.%2C%20Bouti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20and%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20%282022%29%20%26%23x201C%3BGrey-matter%20sodium%20concentration%20as%20an%20individual%20marker%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%20severity%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2028%2812%29%2C%20pp.%201903%26%23x2013%3B1912.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221102587%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221102587%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Grey-matter%20sodium%20concentration%20as%20an%20individual%20marker%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%20severity%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soraya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gherib%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mohamed%20Mounir%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22El%20Mendili%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Viout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fanelly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pariollaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective%3AQuantification%20of%20brain%20injury%20in%20patients%20with%20variable%20disability%20despite%20similar%20disease%20duration%20may%20be%20relevant%20to%20identify%20the%20mechanisms%20underlying%20disability%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29.%20We%20aimed%20to%20compare%20grey-matter%20sodium%20abnormalities%20%28GMSAs%29%2C%20a%20parameter%20reflecting%20neuronal%20and%20astrocyte%20dysfunction%2C%20in%20MS%20patients%20with%20benign%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28BMS%29%20and%20non-benign%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28NBMS%29.Methods%3AWe%20identified%20never-treated%20BMS%20patients%20in%20our%20local%20MS%20database%20of%201352%20patients.%20A%20group%20with%20NBMS%20was%20identified%20with%20same%20disease%20duration.%20All%20participants%20underwent%2023Na%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28MRI%29.%20The%20existence%20of%20GMSA%20was%20detected%20by%20statistical%20analysis.Results%3AIn%20total%2C%20102%20individuals%20were%20included%20%2821%20BMS%2C%2025%20NBMS%20and%2056%20controls%29.%20GMSA%20was%20detected%20in%2010%20BMS%20and%2019%20NBMS%20%2811%5C%2F16%20relapsing-remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28RRMS%29%20and%208%5C%2F9%20secondary%20progressive%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28SPMS%29%20patients%29%20%28p%3F%3D%3F0.05%29.%20On%20logistic%20regression%20including%20the%20presence%20or%20absence%20of%20GMSA%2C%20thalamic%20volume%2C%20cortical%20grey-matter%20volume%20and%20T2-weighted%20lesion%20load%2C%20thalamic%20volume%20was%20independently%20associated%20with%20BMS%20status%20%28odds%20ratio%20%28OR%29%3F%3D%3F0.64%20for%20each%20unit%29.%20Nonetheless%2C%20the%20absence%20of%20GMSA%20was%20independently%20associated%20when%20excluding%20patients%20with%20significant%20cognitive%20alteration%20%28n%3F%3D%3F7%29%20from%20the%20BMS%20group%20%28OR%3F%3D%3F4.6%29.Conclusion%3ADetection%20of%20GMSA%20in%20individuals%20and%20thalamic%20volume%20are%20promising%20to%20differentiate%20BMS%20from%20NBMS%20as%20compared%20with%20cortical%20or%20whole%20grey-matter%20atrophy%20and%20T2-weighted%20lesions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-10-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F13524585221102587%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221352-4585%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585221102587%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22QU2QXBVV%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22F2AGIUQU%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JMKK2PYJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Poullet%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPoullet%2C%20Z.%2C%20Pique%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Papeix%2C%20C.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Collongues%2C%20N.%2C%20Ayrignac%2C%20X.%2C%20Zephir%2C%20H.%2C%20Deschamps%2C%20R.%2C%20Ciron%2C%20J.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Marignier%2C%20R.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282022%29%20%26%23x201C%3BPure%20Relapsing%20Short%20Myelitis%3A%20Part%20of%20the%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Spectrum%20or%20New%20Entity%3F%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%28R%29%20Neuroimmunology%20%26amp%3B%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%209%284%29%2C%20p.%20e1167.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000001167%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000001167%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pure%20Relapsing%20Short%20Myelitis%3A%20Part%20of%20the%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Spectrum%20or%20New%20Entity%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Z%5Cu00e9lia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poullet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pique%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papeix%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collongues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayrignac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zephir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschamps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%20AND%20OBJECTIVES%3A%20Pure%20relapsing%20short%20myelitis%20with%20clinical%20and%20paraclinical%20features%20suggesting%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20has%20been%20described%20recently.%20Here%2C%20we%20evaluated%20the%20existence%20of%20this%20potential%20new%20form%20of%20MS%20by%20retrospectively%20searching%20for%20similar%20cases%20in%20the%20databases%20of%20the%20French%20tertiary%20MS%20centers.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Patients%20were%20included%20based%20on%20the%20present%20criteria%3A%20at%20least%202%20short%20%28%26lt%3B3%20vertebral%20segments%29%20myelitis%20episodes%3B%20minimum%20follow-up%20of%203%20years%3B%20no%20MS-like%20brain%20lesion%20during%20all%20the%20follow-up%3B%20tested%20negative%20for%20both%20anti-myelin%20oligodendrocyte%20glycoprotein%20and%20anti-aquaporin%204%20antibodies%20in%20serum%3B%20presence%20of%20oligoclonal%20bands%20in%20CSF%3B%20and%20comprehensive%20workup%20to%20exclude%20alternative%20diagnoses.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Eighteen%20patients%20fulfilled%20all%20criteria.%20The%20sex%20ratio%20%28females%5C%2Fmales%29%20was%205%5C%2F1%3B%20the%20median%20%28range%29%20age%20at%20first%20relapse%20was%2035.5%20%2825-54%29%20years%2C%20the%20disease%20duration%20was%2080.5%20%2850-308%29%20months%2C%20and%20the%20annualized%20relapse%20rate%20was%200.36%20%280.1-0.5%29.%20The%20median%20%28range%29%20number%20of%20relapses%20per%20patient%20was%202%20%282-5%29%2C%20and%20the%20median%20%28range%29%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20score%20at%20last%20follow-up%20was%201%20%280-7.5%29.%20In%20CSF%2C%20the%20median%20%28range%29%20protein%20level%20was%200.34%20g%5C%2FL%20%280.18-0.77%29%2C%20and%20the%20median%20%28range%29%20number%20of%20mononuclear%20cells%20was%203%20%280-28%29.%20Spinal%20cord%20MRI%20demonstrated%20a%20median%20%28range%29%20number%20of%202%20%281-5%29%20lesions%20per%20examination%20and%203%20%5B1-7%5D%20on%20the%20last%20examination.%20Fifty-five%20percent%20of%20lesions%20involved%20the%20cervical%20levels.%20Secondary%20progressive%20evolution%20occurred%20in%203%20of%2018%20%2817%25%29%20patients.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20Pure%20spinal%20MS%20could%20be%20a%20rare%20entity%20in%20the%20MS%20disease%20spectrum.%20However%2C%20the%20existence%20of%20a%20distinct%20entity%20in%20the%20inflammatory%20CNS%20disorders%20cannot%20be%20excluded.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000001167%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22NLCL528K%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-04-16T14%3A27%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BA7BKXEL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Januel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BJanuel%2C%20E.%2C%20De%20Seze%2C%20J.%2C%20Vermersch%2C%20P.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Bourre%2C%20B.%2C%20Pique%2C%20J.%2C%20Moisset%2C%20X.%2C%20Bensa%2C%20C.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Vukusic%2C%20S.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20and%20Louapre%2C%20C.%20%282022%29%20%26%23x201C%3BPost-vaccine%20COVID-19%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20or%20neuromyelitis%20optica%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2028%287%29%2C%20pp.%201155%26%23x2013%3B1159.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585211049737%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585211049737%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Post-vaccine%20COVID-19%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20or%20neuromyelitis%20optica%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edouard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Januel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00f4me%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Seze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vermersch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pique%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moisset%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bensa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vukusic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louapre%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Introduction%3ARecent%20studies%20suggested%20that%20anti-CD20%20and%20fingolimod%20may%20be%20associated%20with%20lower%20anti-spike%20protein-based%20immunoglobulin-G%20response%20following%20COVID-19%20vaccination.%20We%20evaluated%20if%20COVID-19%20occurred%20despite%20vaccination%20among%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20and%20neuromyelitis%20optica%20%28NMO%29%2C%20using%20the%20COVISEP%20registry.Case%20series%3AWe%20report%2018%20cases%20of%20COVID-19%20after%20two%20doses%20of%20BNT162b2-vaccination%2C%2013%20of%20which%20treated%20with%20anti-CD20%20and%20four%20with%20fingolimod.%20COVID-19%20severity%20was%20mild.Discussion%3AThese%20results%20reinforce%20the%20recommendation%20for%20a%20third%20COVID-19%20vaccine%20dose%20among%20anti-CD20%20treated%20patients%20and%20stress%20the%20need%20for%20a%20prospective%20clinical%20and%20biological%20study%20on%20COVID-19%20vaccine%20efficacy%20among%20MS%20and%20NMO%20patients.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-06-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F13524585211049737%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221352-4585%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F13524585211049737%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22B2M3AZVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JZB2NE65%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Perriguey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPerriguey%2C%20M.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Stellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282022%29%20%26%23x201C%3BHypogammaglobulinemia%20and%20Infections%20in%20Patients%20With%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Treated%20With%20Rituximab%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%28R%29%20Neuroimmunology%20%26amp%3B%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%209%281%29%2C%20p.%20e1115.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000001115%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000001115%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hypogammaglobulinemia%20and%20Infections%20in%20Patients%20With%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Treated%20With%20Rituximab%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perriguey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%20AND%20OBJECTIVES%3A%20To%20determine%20the%20frequency%20of%20hypogammaglobulinemia%20and%20infections%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28PwMS%29%20receiving%20rituximab%20%28RTX%29.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20This%20prospective%20observational%20study%20included%20all%20consecutive%20PwMS%20receiving%20RTX%20at%20the%20university%20hospital%20of%20Marseille%2C%20France%2C%20between%202015%20and%202020.%20Patient%20visits%20occurred%20at%20least%20every%206%20months.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20We%20included%20188%20patients%20%28151%20with%20relapsing-remitting%20MS%3B%20the%20mean%20age%20was%2043.4%20years%20%5BSD%2012.9%5D%2C%20median%20disease%20duration%2010%20years%20%5Brange%200-36%5D%2C%20median%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%205%20%5Brange%200-8%5D%2C%20median%20follow-up%203.5%20years%20%5Brange%201-5.8%5D%2C%20and%20median%20number%20of%20RTX%20infusions%205%20%5Brange%201-9%5D%29.%20Overall%2C%20317%20symptomatic%20infections%20and%2013%20severe%20infections%20occurred%20in%20133%20of%20188%20%2870.7%25%29%20and%2011%20of%20188%20%285.9%25%29%20patients%2C%20respectively.%20After%204%20years%2C%2024.4%25%20of%20patients%20%2895%25%20CI%2018.0-33.1%29%20were%20free%20of%20any%20infection%20and%2092.0%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2087.1-97.1%29%20had%20not%20experienced%20a%20severe%20infection.%20At%20RTX%20onset%2C%20the%20immunoglobulin%20G%20%28IgG%29%20level%20was%20abnormal%20in%2032%20of%20188%20%2817%25%29%20patients.%20After%20RTX%2C%20IgG%20level%20was%20%26lt%3B7%2C%20%26lt%3B6%2C%20%26lt%3B4%20and%20%26lt%3B2%20g%5C%2FL%20for%2083%20%2844%25%29%2C%2044%20%2823.4%25%29%2C%208%20%284.2%25%29%20and%201%20%280.53%25%29%20patients%2C%20respectively.%20The%20risk%20of%20infection%20was%20associated%20with%20reduced%20IgG%20levels%20%28multivariate%20Cox%20proportional%20hazards%20hazard%20ratio%20%5BHR%5D%20%3D%200.86%2C%2095%25%20CI%200.75-0.98%2C%20p%20%3D%200.03%29.%20The%20risk%20of%20reduced%20IgG%20level%20%26lt%3B6%20g%5C%2FL%20increased%20with%20age%20%28HR%20%3D%201.36%2C%2095%25%20CI%201.05-1.75%2C%20p%20%3D%200.01%29.%5CnDISCUSSION%3A%20In%20PwMS%20receiving%20RTX%2C%20reduced%20IgG%20level%20was%20frequent%20and%20interacted%20with%20the%20risk%20of%20infection.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000001115%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%2C%22NLCL528K%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-01T09%3A50%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GAIYH54I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rico%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRico%2C%20A.%2C%20Ninove%2C%20L.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Durozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Saba%20Villarroel%2C%20P.M.%2C%20Amroun%2C%20A.%2C%20Fouri%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20T.%2C%20de%20Lamballerie%2C%20X.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282021%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDetermining%20the%20best%20window%20for%20BNT162b2%20mRNA%20vaccination%20for%20SARS-CoV-2%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20receiving%20anti-CD20%20therapy%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20Journal%20-%20Experimental%2C%20Translational%20and%20Clinical%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%207%284%29%2C%20p.%2020552173211062142.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F20552173211062142%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F20552173211062142%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Determining%20the%20best%20window%20for%20BNT162b2%20mRNA%20vaccination%20for%20SARS-CoV-2%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20receiving%20anti-CD20%20therapy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laetitia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ninove%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paola%20Mariela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saba%20Villarroel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Abdennour%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amroun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toscane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fouri%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Lamballerie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20studied%20the%20serologic%20response%20to%20the%20BNT162b2%20mRNA%20vaccine%20at%20four%20weeks%20after%20the%20second%20dose%20in%20patients%20with%20RRMS%20treated%20with%20rituximab%20with%20extended-interval%20dosing%20%28n%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu200926%29.%20At%20four%20weeks%2C%2073%25%20of%20patients%20were%20seropositive.%20No%20patient%20without%20B%20cells%20at%20the%20first%20dose%20%28n%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20094%29%20was%20seropositive.%20Four%20of%20seven%20%2857%25%29%20patients%20with%20B-cell%20proportion%20%26gt%3B0%25%20and%20%5Cu22645%25%20were%20seropositive.%20All%20patients%20with%20B-cell%20proportion%20%26gt%3B5%25%20%28n%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu200915%29%20were%20seropositive.%20In%20all%20patients%2C%20quantitative%20ELISA%20measures%20after%20vaccination%20were%20correlated%20with%20B-cell%20counts%20measured%20before%20vaccination.%20In%20patients%20receiving%20rituximab%2C%20seropositivity%20after%20BNT162b2%20mRNA%20vaccination%20emerged%20only%20after%20B-cell%20repopulation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-10%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F20552173211062142%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222055-2173%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-12-03T05%3A53%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DXZ6FCYF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hilezian%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-08-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHilezian%2C%20F.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Kerschen%2C%20P.%2C%20Sene%2C%20T.%2C%20Bensa-Koscher%2C%20C.%2C%20Giannesini%2C%20C.%2C%20Capron%2C%20J.%2C%20Mekinian%2C%20A.%2C%20Camdessanch%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Androdias%2C%20G.%2C%20Marignier%2C%20R.%2C%20Collongues%2C%20N.%2C%20Casez%2C%20O.%2C%20Coclitu%2C%20C.%2C%20Vaillant%2C%20M.%2C%20Mathey%2C%20G.%2C%20Ciron%2C%20J.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282021%29%20%26%23x201C%3BTNF-%26%23x3B1%3B%20inhibitors%20used%20as%20steroid-sparing%20maintenance%20monotherapy%20in%20parenchymal%20CNS%20sarcoidosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Neurology%2C%20Neurosurgery%20%26amp%3B%20Psychiatry%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2092%288%29%2C%20pp.%20890%26%23x2013%3B896.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2020-325665%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2020-325665%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22TNF-%5Cu03b1%20inhibitors%20used%20as%20steroid-sparing%20maintenance%20monotherapy%20in%20parenchymal%20CNS%20sarcoidosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fr%5Cu00e9d%5Cu00e9ric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hilezian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerschen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sene%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bensa-Koscher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giannesini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Capron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arsene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mekinian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Camdessanch%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9raldine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Androdias%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collongues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Casez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catalina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coclitu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mathieu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vaillant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective%20To%20assess%20the%20efficacy%20of%20tumour%20necrosis%20factor-%5Cu03b1%20%28TNF-%5Cu03b1%29%20inhibitors%20used%20as%20steroid-sparing%20monotherapy%20in%20central%20nervous%20system%20%28CNS%29%20parenchymal%20sarcoidosis.%5CnMethods%20The%20French%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20and%20Neuroinflammation%20Centers%20retrospectively%20identified%20patients%20with%20definite%20or%20probable%20CNS%20sarcoidosis%20treated%20with%20TNF-%5Cu03b1%20inhibitors%20as%20steroid-sparing%20monotherapy.%20Only%20patients%20with%20CNS%20parenchymal%20involvement%20demonstrated%20by%20MRI%20and%20imaging%20follow-up%20were%20included.%20The%20primary%20outcome%20was%20the%20minimum%20dose%20of%20steroids%20reached%20that%20was%20not%20associated%20with%20clinical%20or%20imaging%20worsening%20during%20a%20minimum%20of%203%20months%20after%20dosing%20change.%5CnResults%20Of%20the%20identified%2038%20patients%20with%20CNS%20sarcoidosis%20treated%20with%20TNF-%5Cu03b1%20inhibitors%2C%2023%20fulfilled%20all%20criteria%20%2813%20females%29.%20Treatments%20were%20infliximab%20%28n%3D22%29%20or%20adalimumab%20%28n%3D1%29%20for%20a%20median%20%28IQR%29%20of%2024%20%2817%5Cu201340%29%20months.%20At%20treatment%20initiation%2C%20the%20mean%20%28SD%29%20age%20was%2041.5%20%2810.5%29%20years%20and%20median%20%28IQR%29%20disease%20duration%2022%20%2814%5Cu201349.5%29%20months.%20Overall%2C%2060%25%20of%20patients%20received%20other%20immunosuppressive%20agents%20before%20a%20TNF-%5Cu03b1%20inhibitor.%20The%20mean%20%28SD%29%20minimum%20dose%20of%20steroids%20was%2031.5%20%2833%29%20mg%20before%20TNF-%5Cu03b1%20inhibitor%20initiation%20and%206.5%20%285.5%29%20mg%20after%20%28p%3D0.001%29.%20In%20all%2C%2065%25%20of%20patients%20achieved%20steroids%20dosing%20%26lt%3B6%20mg%5C%2Fday%3B%2061%25%20showed%20clinical%20improvement%2C%2030%25%20stability%20and%209%25%20disease%20worsening.%20Imaging%20revealed%20improvement%20in%2074%25%20of%20patients%20and%20stability%20in%2026%25.%5CnConclusion%20TNF-%5Cu03b1%20inhibitors%20can%20greatly%20reduce%20steroids%20dosing%20in%20patients%20with%20CNS%20parenchymal%20sarcoidosis%2C%20even%20refractory.%5CnClassification%20of%20evidence%20This%20study%20provides%20Class%20IV%20evidence%20that%20TNF-%5Cu03b1%20inhibitor%20used%20as%20steroid-sparing%20monotherapy%20is%20effective%20for%20patients%20with%20CNS%20parenchymal%20sarcoidosis.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%5C%2F08%5C%2F01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fjnnp-2020-325665%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-3050%2C%201468-330X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjnnp.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F92%5C%2F8%5C%2F890%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-08-29T07%3A43%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VLEDXRTT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tanoh%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTanoh%2C%20I.-C.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Labauge%2C%20P.%2C%20Cohen%2C%20M.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Vukusic%2C%20S.%2C%20Donz%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20C.%2C%20Gallien%2C%20P.%2C%20De%20S%26%23xE8%3Bze%2C%20J.%2C%20Bourre%2C%20B.%2C%20Moreau%2C%20T.%2C%20Louapre%2C%20C.%2C%20Vall%26%23xE9%3Be%2C%20M.%2C%20Bieuvelet%2C%20S.%2C%20Klaeyl%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20L.%2C%20Argoud%2C%20A.-L.%2C%20Zina%26%23xEF%3B%2C%20S.%20and%20Tourbah%2C%20A.%20%282021%29%20%26%23x201C%3BMSCopilot%3A%20New%20smartphone-based%20digital%20biomarkers%20correlate%20with%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20scores%20in%20people%20with%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20and%20Related%20Disorders%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2055%2C%20p.%20103164.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.msard.2021.103164%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.msard.2021.103164%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22MSCopilot%3A%20New%20smartphone-based%20digital%20biomarkers%20correlate%20with%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20scores%20in%20people%20with%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian-Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tanoh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Labauge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cohen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vukusic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9cile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donz%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gallien%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00f4me%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20S%5Cu00e8ze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thibault%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%5Cu00e9line%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louapre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Morgane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vall%5Cu00e9e%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e9verine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bieuvelet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lissandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klaeyl%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne-Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Argoud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Saad%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zina%5Cu00ef%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tourbah%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20A%20previous%20clinical%20study%20showed%20the%20high%20specificity%2C%20sensitivity%20and%20reliability%20of%20MSCopilot%2C%20a%20software%20medical%20device%20designed%20by%20Ad%20Scientiam%20for%20the%20self-assessment%20of%20people%20with%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20%28PwMS%29%2C%20compared%20to%20the%20traditional%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Functional%20Composite%20%28MSFC%29.%20We%20conducted%20further%20analyses%20to%20assess%20MSCopilot%26%23039%3Bs%20performance%20with%20respect%20to%20the%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20%28EDSS%29.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20The%20data%20of%20116%20PwMS%20were%20analysed.%20We%20studied%20the%20correlations%20between%20MSCopilot%20scores%20and%20the%20EDSS%2C%20and%20their%20ability%20to%20distinguish%20PwMS%20with%20high%20and%20low%20EDSS%20through%20a%20study%20of%20the%20distribution%20of%20the%20digital%20test%20scores%20as%20well%20as%20logistic%20regression%20models.%20The%20same%20analyses%20were%20performed%20using%20the%20MSFC%20tests.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20MSCopilot%20composite%20scores%20were%20as%20highly%20correlated%20to%20the%20EDSS%20%28%7Cr%7C%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.65%2C%20p%5Cu00a0%26lt%3B%5Cu00a00.01%29%20as%20their%20MSFC%20counterparts%2C%20confirming%20the%20known%20correlation%20of%20the%20MSFC%20with%20the%20EDSS.%20In%20a%20linear%20regression%20framework%2C%20the%20Walking%20digital%20tests%20have%20good%20explanatory%20power%2C%20especially%20for%20PwMS%20with%20EDSS%5Cu00a0%26gt%3B%5Cu00a03.5%20%28R%5Cu00b2adj%3D0.47%29.%20The%20mean%20values%20of%20each%20MSCopilot%20subscore%20were%20significantly%20different%20between%20patients%20with%20an%20EDSS%5Cu00a0%26gt%3B%5Cu00a03.5%20and%20others%20%28p%5Cu00a0%26lt%3B%5Cu00a00.05%29%2C%20which%20could%20not%20be%20proved%20for%20the%20MSFC%20Cognition%20tests.%20MSCopilot4%20was%20the%20best%20model%20to%20predict%20an%20EDSS%20score%5Cu00a0%26gt%3B%5Cu00a03.5%20%28AUC%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.92%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20These%20analyses%20confirm%20the%20reliability%20of%20MSCopilot%20and%20show%20interesting%20correlations%20with%20the%20EDSS%20%28similar%20results%20obtained%20with%20the%20MSFC%29.%20MSCopilot%20was%20able%20to%20highlight%20nuances%20in%20the%20different%20stages%20of%20MS%20the%20MSFC%20could%20not%20capture.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-07-23%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.msard.2021.103164%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222211-0356%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B2M3AZVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-15T09%3A36%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229VNZ397A%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Perez%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPerez%2C%20T.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Bouti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20C.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Roudot%2C%20M.%2C%20Honor%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20S.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Bertault-Peres%2C%20P.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282021%29%20%26%23x201C%3BComparison%20of%20rituximab%20originator%20%28MabThera%26%23xAE%3B%29%20to%20biosimilar%20%28Truxima%26%23xAE%3B%29%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2027%284%29%2C%20pp.%20585%26%23x2013%3B592.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458520912170%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458520912170%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparison%20of%20rituximab%20originator%20%28MabThera%5Cu00ae%29%20to%20biosimilar%20%28Truxima%5Cu00ae%29%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marjorie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roudot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%5Cu00e9phane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Honor%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertault-Peres%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Rituximab%26%23039%3Bs%20originator%20MabThera%5Cu00ae%20or%20Rituxan%5Cu00ae%20has%20demonstrated%20high%20efficacy%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29.%20Because%20of%20the%20patent%20expiration%2C%20rituximab%20biosimilars%20have%20been%20developed.%20However%2C%20because%20a%20biosimilar%20is%20not%20the%20exact%20copy%20of%20the%20originator%2C%20the%20efficacy%20and%20safety%20of%20a%20biosimilar%20may%20significantly%20differ.%5CnOBJECTIVES%3A%20To%20compare%20the%20efficacy%20and%20safety%20of%20the%20biosimilar%20Truxima%5Cu00ae%20and%20the%20originator%20MabThera%5Cu00ae%20in%20MS.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Consecutive%20MS%20patients%20receiving%20MabThera%5Cu00ae%20or%20Truxima%5Cu00ae%20were%20prospectively%20followed%20during%201%5Cu2009year%20after%20treatment%20introduction.%20Allocation%20to%20each%20treatment%20depended%20on%20the%20period%20of%20introduction%20and%20not%20the%20physician%26%23039%3Bs%20choice.%20Lymphocyte%20count%2C%20clinical%20and%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28MRI%29%20activity%2C%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20%28EDSS%29%2C%20and%20adverse%20events%20were%20compared.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20In%20total%2C%20105%20and%2040%20patients%20received%20MabThera%5Cu00ae%20and%20Truxima%5Cu00ae%2C%20respectively.%20The%20two%20groups%20did%20not%20differ%20in%20baseline%20characteristics.%20Effect%20on%20CD19%2B%20lymphocytes%20and%20disease%20activity%20were%20similar%20during%20follow-up.%20EDSS%20remained%20stable%2C%20with%20no%20difference%20between%20groups.%20Adverse%20events%20were%20similar%20between%20groups.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20The%20efficacy%20and%20safety%20of%20the%20rituximab%20biosimilar%20Truxima%5Cu00ae%20seem%20equivalent%20to%20the%20originator%20MabThera%5Cu00ae%20in%20MS%20patients.%20Truxima%5Cu00ae%20could%20represent%20a%20relatively%20cheap%20and%20safe%20therapeutic%20alternative%20to%20MabThera%5Cu00ae%20and%20could%20improve%20access%20to%20highly%20efficient%20therapy%20for%20MS%20in%20low-%20or%20middle-income%20countries.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-04%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458520912170%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-28T08%3A42%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VNZ9BYWF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stellmann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BStellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Wanke%2C%20N.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Gelli%26%23xDF%3Ben%2C%20S.%2C%20Heesen%2C%20C.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Gold%2C%20S.M.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20and%20Poettgen%2C%20J.%20%282021%29%20%26%23x201C%3BCognitive%20performance%20shows%20domain%20specific%20associations%20with%20regional%20cortical%20thickness%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeuroImage.%20Clinical%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2030%2C%20p.%20102606.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.nicl.2021.102606%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.nicl.2021.102606%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cognitive%20performance%20shows%20domain%20specific%20associations%20with%20regional%20cortical%20thickness%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nadine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wanke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gelli%5Cu00dfen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heesen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gold%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poettgen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Multiple%20Sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20patients%20often%20suffer%20from%20significant%20cognitive%20impairment.%20Earlier%20research%20has%20shown%20relationships%20between%20regional%20cortical%20atrophy%20and%20cognitive%20deterioration.%20However%2C%20due%20to%20a%20large%20number%20of%20neuropsychological%20assessments%20and%20a%20heterogenous%20pattern%20of%20cognitive%20deficits%20in%20MS%20patients%2C%20reported%20associations%20patterns%20are%20also%20heterogenous.%20Using%20an%20extensive%20neuropsychological%20battery%20of%2023%20different%20tasks%2C%20we%20explored%20domain%20%28attention%5C%2Finformation%20processing%2C%20memory%2C%20spatial%20processing%2C%20executive%20functioning%29%20and%20task-specific%20associations%20with%20regional%20cortical%20thickness%20in%20a%20representative%20sample%20of%20MS%20patients%20%28N%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a097%29.%20Cortical%20regions%20associated%20with%20multiple%20cognitive%20tasks%20in%20the%20left%20hemisphere%20were%20predominantly%20located%20in%20the%20inferior%20insula%20%28attention%20p%5Cu00a0%26lt%3B%5Cu00a00.001%2C%20memory%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.047%2C%20spatial%20processing%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.004%2C%20executive%20functioning%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.037%29%2C%20the%20gyrus%20frontalis%20superior%20%28attention%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.015%2C%20memory%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.037%2C%20spatial%20processing%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.033%2C%20executive%20functioning%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.017%29%20and%20temporal%20medial%20%28attention%20p%5Cu00a0%26lt%3B%5Cu00a00.001%2C%20memory%20two%20clusters%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.016%20and%20p%5Cu00a0%26lt%3B%5Cu00a00.001%2C%20executive%20functioning%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.016%29.%20In%20the%20right%20hemisphere%2C%20we%20detected%20the%20strongest%20association%20in%20the%20sulcus%20interparietalis%20with%20five%20cluster%20%28attention%20SDMT%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.003%20and%20TAP_DA%20p%5Cu00a0%26lt%3B%5Cu00a00.001%3B%20memory%20Rey%20recall%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.013%20and%20VLMT%20verbal%20learning%20p%5Cu00a0%3D%5Cu00a00.016%3B%20spatial%20processing%20Rey%20copy%20p%5Cu00a0%26lt%3B%5Cu00a00.001%29.%20We%20replicated%20parts%20of%20our%20results%20in%20an%20independent%20sample%20of%2030%20mildly%20disabled%20MS%20patients.%20Moreover%2C%20comparisons%20to%2029%20healthy%20controls%20showed%20that%20the%20regional%20associations%20seemed%20to%20represent%20rather%20pathophysiological%20dependency%20than%20a%20physiological%20one.%20We%20believe%20that%20our%20results%20may%20prove%20useful%20in%20diagnosis%20and%20rehabilitation%20of%20cognitive%20impairments%20and%20may%20serve%20as%20guidance%20in%20future%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28MRI%29%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-02-24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.nicl.2021.102606%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222213-1582%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-05-28T08%3A33%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XI5GRQRV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kerbrat%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKerbrat%2C%20A.%2C%20Gros%2C%20C.%2C%20Badji%2C%20A.%2C%20Bannier%2C%20E.%2C%20Galassi%2C%20F.%2C%20Comb%26%23xE8%3Bs%2C%20B.%2C%20Chouteau%2C%20R.%2C%20Labauge%2C%20P.%2C%20Ayrignac%2C%20X.%2C%20Carra-Dalliere%2C%20C.%2C%20Maranzano%2C%20J.%2C%20Granberg%2C%20T.%2C%20Ouellette%2C%20R.%2C%20Stawiarz%2C%20L.%2C%20Hillert%2C%20J.%2C%20Talbott%2C%20J.%2C%20Tachibana%2C%20Y.%2C%20Hori%2C%20M.%2C%20Kamiya%2C%20K.%2C%20Chougar%2C%20L.%2C%20Lefeuvre%2C%20J.%2C%20Reich%2C%20D.S.%2C%20Nair%2C%20G.%2C%20Valsasina%2C%20P.%2C%20Rocca%2C%20M.A.%2C%20Filippi%2C%20M.%2C%20Chu%2C%20R.%2C%20Bakshi%2C%20R.%2C%20Callot%2C%20V.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Collongues%2C%20N.%2C%20De%20Seze%2C%20J.%2C%20Edan%2C%20G.%20and%20Cohen-Adad%2C%20J.%20%282020%29%20%26%23x201C%3BMultiple%20sclerosis%20lesions%20in%20motor%20tracts%20from%20brain%20to%20cervical%20cord%3A%20spatial%20distribution%20and%20correlation%20with%20disability%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBrain%3A%20A%20Journal%20of%20Neurology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20143%287%29%2C%20pp.%202089%26%23x2013%3B2105.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbrain%5C%2Fawaa162%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbrain%5C%2Fawaa162%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Multiple%20sclerosis%20lesions%20in%20motor%20tracts%20from%20brain%20to%20cervical%20cord%3A%20spatial%20distribution%20and%20correlation%20with%20disability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerbrat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Atef%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Badji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bannier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francesca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Galassi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comb%5Cu00e8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rapha%5Cu00ebl%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chouteau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Labauge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayrignac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarisse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carra-Dalliere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josefina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maranzano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tobias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Granberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Russell%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ouellette%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leszek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stawiarz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hillert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talbott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yasuhiko%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tachibana%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Masaaki%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hori%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kouhei%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kamiya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lydia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chougar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lefeuvre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Govind%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nair%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Valsasina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rocca%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Massimo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Filippi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Renxin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rohit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bakshi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collongues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00f4me%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Seze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cohen-Adad%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20important%20efforts%20to%20solve%20the%20clinico-radiological%20paradox%2C%20correlation%20between%20lesion%20load%20and%20physical%20disability%20in%20patients%20with%20multiple%20sclerosis%20remains%20modest.%20One%20hypothesis%20could%20be%20that%20lesion%20location%20in%20corticospinal%20tracts%20plays%20a%20key%20role%20in%20explaining%20motor%20impairment.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20describe%20the%20distribution%20of%20lesions%20along%20the%20corticospinal%20tracts%20from%20the%20cortex%20to%20the%20cervical%20spinal%20cord%20in%20patients%20with%20various%20disease%20phenotypes%20and%20disability%20status.%20We%20also%20assess%20the%20link%20between%20lesion%20load%20and%20location%20within%20corticospinal%20tracts%2C%20and%20disability%20at%20baseline%20and%202-year%20follow-up.%20We%20retrospectively%20included%20290%20patients%20%2822%20clinically%20isolated%20syndrome%2C%20198%20relapsing%20remitting%2C%2039%20secondary%20progressive%2C%2031%20primary%20progressive%20multiple%20sclerosis%29%20from%20eight%20sites.%20Lesions%20were%20segmented%20on%20both%20brain%20%28T2-FLAIR%20or%20T2-weighted%29%20and%20cervical%20%28axial%20T2-%20or%20T2%2A-weighted%29%20MRI%20scans.%20Data%20were%20processed%20using%20an%20automated%20and%20publicly%20available%20pipeline.%20Brain%2C%20brainstem%20and%20spinal%20cord%20portions%20of%20the%20corticospinal%20tracts%20were%20identified%20using%20probabilistic%20atlases%20to%20measure%20the%20lesion%20volume%20fraction.%20Lesion%20frequency%20maps%20were%20produced%20for%20each%20phenotype%20and%20disability%20scores%20assessed%20with%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20score%20and%20pyramidal%20functional%20system%20score.%20Results%20show%20that%20lesions%20were%20not%20homogeneously%20distributed%20along%20the%20corticospinal%20tracts%2C%20with%20the%20highest%20lesion%20frequency%20in%20the%20corona%20radiata%20and%20between%20C2%20and%20C4%20vertebral%20levels.%20The%20lesion%20volume%20fraction%20in%20the%20corticospinal%20tracts%20was%20higher%20in%20secondary%20and%20primary%20progressive%20patients%20%28mean%20%3D%203.6%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu20092.7%25%20and%202.9%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu20092.4%25%29%2C%20compared%20to%20relapsing-remitting%20patients%20%281.6%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu20092.1%25%2C%20both%20P%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%29.%20Voxel-wise%20analyses%20confirmed%20that%20lesion%20frequency%20was%20higher%20in%20progressive%20compared%20to%20relapsing-remitting%20patients%2C%20with%20significant%20bilateral%20clusters%20in%20the%20spinal%20cord%20corticospinal%20tracts%20%28P%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.01%29.%20The%20baseline%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20score%20was%20associated%20with%20lesion%20volume%20fraction%20within%20the%20brain%20%28r%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.31%2C%20P%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%29%2C%20brainstem%20%28r%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.45%2C%20P%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%29%20and%20spinal%20cord%20%28r%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.57%2C%20P%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%29%20corticospinal%20tracts.%20The%20spinal%20cord%20corticospinal%20tracts%20lesion%20volume%20fraction%20remained%20the%20strongest%20factor%20in%20the%20multiple%20linear%20regression%20model%2C%20independently%20from%20cord%20atrophy.%20Baseline%20spinal%20cord%20corticospinal%20tracts%20lesion%20volume%20fraction%20was%20also%20associated%20with%20disability%20progression%20at%202-year%20follow-up%20%28P%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.003%29.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20a%20cumulative%20effect%20of%20lesions%20within%20the%20corticospinal%20tracts%20along%20the%20brain%2C%20brainstem%20and%20spinal%20cord%20portions%20to%20explain%20physical%20disability%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20patients%2C%20with%20a%20predominant%20impact%20of%20intramedullary%20lesions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jul%2001%2C%202020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fbrain%5C%2Fawaa162%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221460-2156%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZFC2Q648%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CQAWPIVJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1497928%2C%22username%22%3A%22fkober%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Frank%20Kober%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Ffkober%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Demortiere%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-03-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDemortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282020%29%20%26%23x201C%3BMaintenance%20of%20natalizumab%20during%20the%20first%20trimester%20of%20pregnancy%20in%20active%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20p.%201352458520912637.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458520912637%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458520912637%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Maintenance%20of%20natalizumab%20during%20the%20first%20trimester%20of%20pregnancy%20in%20active%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Planning%20pregnancy%20in%20patients%20with%20active%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20is%20highly%20challenging%20because%20treatment%20withdrawn%20may%20be%20associated%20with%20dramatic%20disease%20reactivation.%5CnOBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20compare%20two%20strategies%20for%20women%20with%20active%20MS%20who%20were%20planning%20pregnancy%3A%20stopping%20natalizumab%20%281%29%20at%20the%20end%20of%20the%20first%20trimester%20and%20%282%29%20at%20conception.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Standardized%20strategy%20for%20women%20with%20active%20MS%20was%20initiated%20in%20our%20department.%20Maintenance%20of%20natalizumab%20until%20the%20end%20of%20first%20trimester%20was%20recommended%20%28%26quot%3Bsecured%20first%20trimester%26quot%3B%20%28SFT%29%29.%20When%20patients%20refused%2C%20they%20were%20advised%20to%20continue%20until%20conception%20%28%26quot%3Bsecured%20conception%26quot%3B%20%28SC%29%29.%20Predictors%20of%20disease%20activity%20during%20pregnancy%20were%20assessed.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Forty-six%20pregnancies%20were%20prospectively%20followed%20%2830%20with%20SFT%20and%2016%20with%20SC%29.%20One%20congenital%20anomaly%20occurred%20in%20the%20SC%20group.%20The%20proportions%20of%20patients%20with%20relapse%20and%20disability%20progression%20during%20pregnancy%20were%20lower%20in%20the%20SFT%20than%20in%20the%20SC%20group%20%283.6%25%20vs%2038.5%25%2C%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.005%20and%203.6%25%20vs%2030.8%25%2C%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.05%2C%20respectively%29.%20Predictors%20of%20relapse%20and%20disability%20progression%20during%20pregnancy%20were%20the%20time%20when%20natalizumab%20was%20stopped%20%28conception%20vs%20end%20of%20first%20trimester%29%20and%20the%20number%20of%20relapses%20during%20the%20year%20before%20natalizumab.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Maintaining%20natalizumab%20during%20the%20first%20trimester%20may%20reduce%20the%20risk%20of%20disease%20reactivation%20during%20pregnancy%20in%20patients%20with%20active%20MS.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Mar%2023%2C%202020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458520912637%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-11T08%3A54%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZGLSTPHS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Durozard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDurozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Lacroix%2C%20R.%2C%20Cointe%2C%20S.%2C%20Fritz%2C%20S.%2C%20Brunet%2C%20C.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Marignier%2C%20R.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282020%29%20%26%23x201C%3BComparison%20of%20the%20Response%20to%20Rituximab%20between%20Myelin%20Oligodendrocyte%20Glycoprotein%20and%20Aquaporin-4%20Antibody%20Diseases%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnals%20of%20Neurology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2087%282%29%2C%20pp.%20256%26%23x2013%3B266.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fana.25648%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fana.25648%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparison%20of%20the%20Response%20to%20Rituximab%20between%20Myelin%20Oligodendrocyte%20Glycoprotein%20and%20Aquaporin-4%20Antibody%20Diseases%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romaric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lacroix%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cointe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shirley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fritz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corinne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brunet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marignier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20compare%20response%20to%20rituximab%20%28RTX%29%20between%20adult%20patients%20positive%20for%20myelin%20oligodendrocyte%20glycoprotein%20%28MOG%29%20and%20aquaporin-4%20%28AQP4%29%20antibodies.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20prospectively%20studied%20adult%20patients%20with%20MOG%20or%20AQP4%20antibodies%20who%20received%20RTX%20under%20an%20individualized%20dosing%20schedule%20adapted%20to%20the%20biological%20effect%20of%20RTX%20monitored%20by%20memory%20B-cell%20measurement.%20Memory%20B%20cells%20were%20counted%20monthly%20and%20when%20relapse%20occurred.%20The%20biological%20effect%20of%20RTX%20was%20considered%20significant%20with%20%26lt%3B0.05%25%20memory%20B%20cells%20in%20peripheral%20blood%20lymphocytes.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20In%2016%20patients%20with%20MOG%20antibodies%20and%2029%20with%20AQP4%20antibodies%2C%20mean%20follow-up%20was%2019%20%28range%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20099-38%29%20and%2038%20%2813-79%29%20months.%20Under%20RTX%2C%2010%20relapses%20occurred%20in%206%20of%2016%20%2837.5%25%29%20patients%20with%20MOG%20antibodies%2C%20and%2013%20occurred%20in%207%20of%2029%20%2824%25%29%20with%20AQP4%20antibodies.%20The%20median%20time%20of%20relapse%20after%20the%20most%20recent%20infusion%20was%202.6%20%280.6-5.8%29%20and%207%20%280.8-13%29%20months%2C%20respectively%20%28p%20%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.001%29.%20Memory%20B%20cells%20had%20reemerged%20in%202%20of%2010%20%2820%25%29%20relapses%20in%20patients%20with%20MOG%20antibodies%20and%2012%20of%2013%20%2892.5%25%29%20with%20AQP4%20antibodies%20%28p%20%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.001%29.%5CnINTERPRETATION%3A%20In%20AQP4%20antibody-associated%20disorder%2C%20relapse%20mostly%20occurs%20when%20the%20biological%20effect%20of%20RTX%20decreases%2C%20which%20argues%20for%20treatment%20efficacy.%20In%20MOG%20antibody-associated%20disorder%2C%20the%20efficacy%20of%20RTX%20is%20not%20constant%2C%20because%20one-third%20of%20patients%20showed%20relapse%20despite%20an%20effective%20biological%20effect%20of%20RTX.%20In%20this%20subpopulation%2C%20memory%20B-cell%20depletion%20was%20unable%20to%20prevent%20relapse%2C%20which%20was%20probably%20caused%20by%20different%20immunological%20mechanisms.%20These%20findings%20should%20be%20used%20to%20improve%20treatment%20strategies%20for%20MOG%20antibody-associated%20disorder.%20ANN%20NEUROL%202020%3B87%3A256-266.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%202020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fana.25648%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221531-8249%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-28T08%3A42%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CTB8FBXW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maarouf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Perriguey%2C%20M.%2C%20Demortiere%2C%20S.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20and%20Under%20the%20aegis%20of%20OFSEP%20%282020%29%20%26%23x201C%3BExtending%20rituximab%20dosing%20intervals%20in%20patients%20with%20MS%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20and%20beyond%3F%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%20-%20Neuroimmunology%20Neuroinflammation%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%207%285%29%2C%20p.%20e825.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000000825%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000000825%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Extending%20rituximab%20dosing%20intervals%20in%20patients%20with%20MS%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20and%20beyond%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clemence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Perriguey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Demortiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Under%20the%20aegis%20of%20OFSEP%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20To%20evaluate%20disease%20activity%20in%20patients%20with%20relapsing-remitting%20MS%20%28RRMS%29%20receiving%20rituximab%20with%20an%20extended%20dosing%20interval.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20In%20the%20context%20of%20COVID-19%20pandemic%2C%20this%20was%20an%20interim%20analysis%20of%20an%20ongoing%20prospective%20observational%20study%20of%20patients%20who%20were%20stable%20on%20rituximab%20for%20at%20least%206%20months%20and%20who%20had%20a%20planned%20extended%20dosing%20interval%20of%2024%20months.%20Only%20data%20for%20patients%20with%20active%20RRMS%20before%20rituximab%20were%20analyzed.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Among%20177%20patients%20receiving%20rituximab%2C%2033%20had%20RRMS%20and%20MRI%20activity%20before%20rituximab%20and%20at%20least%208%20months%20of%20follow-up%20after%20the%20last%20infusion.%20The%20mean%20%28SD%29%20age%20was%2040%20%2814%29%20years%2C%2025%20were%20females%2C%20the%20mean%20disease%20duration%20was%2010%20%286.8%29%20years%2C%20the%20mean%20annual%20relapse%20rate%20%28ARR%29%20before%20rituximab%20was%201.7%20%281.3%29%2C%20and%20the%20median%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20%28EDSS%29%20score%20before%20rituximab%20was%204.5%20%281%5Cu20137%29.%20Before%20extended%20dosing%2C%20when%20rituximab%20was%20infused%20every%206%20months%2C%20the%20mean%20%28SD%29%20ARR%20decreased%20to%200.04%20%280.1%29%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%26lt%3B%200.0001%29%20and%20the%20EDSS%20score%20to%204%20%280%5Cu20137%29%20%28%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%200.04%29.%20At%20the%20time%20of%20this%20analysis%2C%20the%20median%20follow-up%20since%20the%20last%20infusion%20was%2011%20%288%5Cu201331%29%20months.%20No%20patient%20showed%20relapse%20or%20disability%20progression.%20In%20total%2C%2030%20patients%20had%20at%20least%201%20MRI%20performed%20since%20the%20last%20infusion%20%28median%20time%20between%20the%20last%20MRI%20and%20the%20last%20infusion%2010%20%5B8%5Cu201331%5D%20months%29.%20No%20MRI%20showed%20activity.%20The%20CD19%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2B%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20cell%20proportion%20was%20%26gt%3B1%25%20for%2010%20of%2025%20patients%20at%20the%20last%20count%20%28median%20time%208%20%5B6%5Cu201325%5D%20months%29.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20An%20extended%20dosing%20interval%20for%20rituximab%20for%20patients%20with%20stable%20MS%20during%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic%20may%20be%20associated%20with%20a%20low%20risk%20of%20disease%20activity.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2209%5C%2F2020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000000825%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222332-7812%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnn.neurology.org%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FNXI.0000000000000825%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-01T09%3A50%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L2BUIVM5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stellmann%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BStellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Schulz%2C%20K.-H.%2C%20Baquet%2C%20L.%2C%20P%26%23xF6%3Bttgen%2C%20J.%2C%20Patra%2C%20S.%2C%20Penner%2C%20I.-K.%2C%20Gelli%26%23xDF%3Ben%2C%20S.%2C%20Ketels%2C%20G.%2C%20Besson%2C%20P.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Nolte%2C%20G.%2C%20Engel%2C%20A.K.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Heesen%2C%20C.%20and%20Gold%2C%20S.M.%20%282020%29%20%26%23x201C%3BAerobic%20Exercise%20Induces%20Functional%20and%20Structural%20Reorganization%20of%20CNS%20Networks%20in%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%3A%20A%20Randomized%20Controlled%20Trial%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFrontiers%20in%20Human%20Neuroscience%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2014%2C%20p.%20255.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffnhum.2020.00255%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffnhum.2020.00255%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Aerobic%20Exercise%20Induces%20Functional%20and%20Structural%20Reorganization%20of%20CNS%20Networks%20in%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%3A%20A%20Randomized%20Controlled%20Trial%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karl-Heinz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schulz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jana%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22P%5Cu00f6ttgen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Patra%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iris-Katharina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Penner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gelli%5Cu00dfen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gesche%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ketels%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Besson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guido%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nolte%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andreas%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Engel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heesen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stefan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gold%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objectives%3A%20Evidence%20from%20animal%20studies%20suggests%20that%20aerobic%20exercise%20may%20promote%20neuroplasticity%20and%20could%2C%20therefore%2C%20provide%20therapeutic%20benefits%20for%20neurological%20diseases%20such%20as%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29.%20However%2C%20the%20effects%20of%20exercise%20in%20human%20CNS%20disorders%20on%20the%20topology%20of%20brain%20networks%2C%20which%20might%20serve%20as%20an%20outcome%20at%20the%20interface%20between%20biology%20and%20clinical%20performance%2C%20remain%20poorly%20understood.%20Methods%3A%20We%20investigated%20functional%20and%20structural%20networks%20in%20patients%20with%20relapsing-remitting%20MS%20in%20a%20clinical%20trial%20of%20standardized%20aerobic%20exercise.%20Fifty-seven%20patients%20were%20randomly%20assigned%20to%20moderate-intensity%20exercise%20for%203%20months%20or%20a%20non-exercise%20control%20group.%20We%20reconstructed%20functional%20networks%20based%20on%20resting-state%20functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28MRI%29%20and%20used%20probabilistic%20tractography%20on%20diffusion-weighted%20imaging%20data%20for%20structural%20networks.%20Results%3A%20At%20baseline%2C%20compared%20to%2030%20healthy%20controls%2C%20patients%20exhibited%20decreased%20structural%20connectivity%20that%20was%20most%20pronounced%20in%20hub%20regions%20of%20the%20brain.%20Vice%20versa%2C%20functional%20connectivity%20was%20increased%20in%20hubs.%20After%203%20months%2C%20we%20observed%20hub%20independent%20increased%20functional%20connectivity%20in%20the%20exercise%20group%20while%20the%20control%20group%20presented%20a%20loss%20of%20functional%20hub%20connectivity.%20On%20a%20structural%20level%2C%20the%20control%20group%20remained%20unchanged%2C%20while%20the%20exercise%20group%20had%20also%20increased%20connectivity.%20Increased%20clustering%20of%20hubs%20indicates%20a%20better%20structural%20integration%20and%20internal%20connectivity%20at%20the%20top%20of%20the%20network%20hierarchy.%20Conclusion%3A%20Increased%20functional%20connectivity%20of%20hubs%20contrasts%20a%20loss%20of%20structural%20connectivity%20in%20relapsing-remitting%20MS.%20Under%20an%20exercise%20condition%2C%20a%20further%20hub%20independent%20increase%20of%20functional%20connectivity%20seems%20to%20translate%20in%20higher%20structural%20connectivity%20of%20the%20whole%20brain.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffnhum.2020.00255%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221662-5161%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22FK6KXTMZ%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-05-28T08%3A33%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KBTJRINM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maillart%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Labauge%2C%20P.%2C%20Cohen%2C%20M.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Vukusic%2C%20S.%2C%20Donz%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20C.%2C%20Gallien%2C%20P.%2C%20S%26%23xE8%3Bze%2C%20J.D.%2C%20Bourre%2C%20B.%2C%20Moreau%2C%20T.%2C%20Louapre%2C%20C.%2C%20Mayran%2C%20P.%2C%20Bieuvelet%2C%20S.%2C%20Vall%26%23xE9%3Be%2C%20M.%2C%20Bertillot%2C%20F.%2C%20Klaeyl%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20L.%2C%20Argoud%2C%20A.-L.%2C%20Zina%26%23xEF%3B%2C%20S.%20and%20Tourbah%2C%20A.%20%282020%29%20%26%23x201C%3BMSCopilot%2C%20a%20new%20multiple%20sclerosis%20self-assessment%20digital%20solution%3A%20results%20of%20a%20comparative%20study%20versus%20standard%20tests%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEuropean%20Journal%20of%20Neurology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2027%283%29%2C%20pp.%20429%26%23x2013%3B436.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fene.14091%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fene.14091%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22MSCopilot%2C%20a%20new%20multiple%20sclerosis%20self-assessment%20digital%20solution%3A%20results%20of%20a%20comparative%20study%20versus%20standard%20tests%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Labauge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cohen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vukusic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donz%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gallien%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20De%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22S%5Cu00e8ze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Louapre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayran%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bieuvelet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vall%5Cu00e9e%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertillot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Klaeyl%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.-L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Argoud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zina%5Cu00ef%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tourbah%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%20and%20purpose%20Assessing%20patients%5Cu2019%20disability%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20requires%20time-consuming%20batteries%20of%20hospital%20tests.%20MSCopilot%20is%20a%20software%20medical%20device%20for%20the%20self-assessment%20of%20patients%20with%20MS%20%28PwMS%29%2C%20combining%20four%20tests%3A%20walking%2C%20dexterity%2C%20cognition%20and%20low%20contrast%20vision.%20The%20objective%20was%20to%20validate%20MSCopilot%20versus%20the%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Functional%20Composite%20%28MSFC%29.%20Methods%20This%20multicentre%2C%20open-label%2C%20randomized%2C%20controlled%2C%20crossover%20study%20enrolled%20141%20PwMS%20and%2076%20healthy%20controls%20%28HCs%29.%20All%20participants%20performed%20MSCopilot%20and%20MSFC%20tests%20at%20day%200.%20To%20assess%20reproducibility%2C%2046%20PwMS%20performed%20the%20same%20tests%20at%20day%2030%20%5Cu00b1%203.%20The%20primary%20end-point%20was%20the%20validation%20of%20MSCopilot%20versus%20MSFC%20for%20the%20identification%20of%20PwMS%20against%20HCs%2C%20quantified%20using%20the%20area%20under%20the%20curve%20%28AUC%29.%20The%20main%20secondary%20end-point%20was%20the%20correlation%20of%20MSCopilot%20z-scores%20with%20MSFC%20z-scores.%20Results%20In%20all%2C%20116%20PwMS%20and%2069%20HCs%20were%20analysed.%20The%20primary%20end-point%20was%20achieved%3A%20MSCopilot%20performance%20was%20non-inferior%20to%20that%20of%20MSFC%20%28AUC%200.92%20and%200.89%20respectively%3B%20P%20%3D%200.3%29.%20MSCopilot%20and%20MSFC%20discriminated%20PwMS%20and%20HCs%20with%2081%25%20and%2076%25%20sensitivity%20and%2082%25%20and%2088%25%20specificity%20respectively.%20Digital%20and%20standard%20test%20scores%20were%20highly%20correlated%20%28r%20%3D%200.81%3B%20P%20%26lt%3B%200.001%29.%20The%20test%5Cu2013retest%20study%20demonstrated%20the%20good%20reproducibility%20of%20MSCopilot.%20Conclusion%20This%20study%20confirms%20the%20reliability%20of%20MSCopilot%20and%20its%20usability%20in%20clinical%20practice%20for%20the%20monitoring%20of%20MS-related%20disability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fene.14091%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221468-1331%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fene.14091%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B2M3AZVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-15T09%3A36%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223H8QBM4K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grapperon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGrapperon%2C%20A.-M.%2C%20Ridley%2C%20B.%2C%20Verschueren%2C%20A.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Confort-Gouny%2C%20S.%2C%20Fortanier%2C%20E.%2C%20Schad%2C%20L.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Attarian%2C%20S.%20and%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20%282019%29%20%26%23x201C%3BQuantitative%20Brain%20Sodium%20MRI%20Depicts%20Corticospinal%20Impairment%20in%20Amyotrophic%20Lateral%20Sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRadiology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20292%282%29%2C%20pp.%20422%26%23x2013%3B428.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1148%5C%2Fradiol.2019182276%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1148%5C%2Fradiol.2019182276%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantitative%20Brain%20Sodium%20MRI%20Depicts%20Corticospinal%20Impairment%20in%20Amyotrophic%20Lateral%20Sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aude-Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grapperon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ridley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verschueren%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylviane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Confort-Gouny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Etienne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fortanier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lothar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shahram%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Attarian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%20Amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis%20%28ALS%29%20is%20a%20fatal%20neurodegenerative%20disease%20that%20mainly%20affects%20the%20upper%20and%20lower%20motor%20neurons.%20Recent%20sodium%20%2823Na%29%20MRI%20studies%20have%20shown%20that%20abnormal%20sodium%20concentration%20is%20related%20to%20neuronal%20suffering%20in%20neurodegenerative%20conditions.%20Purpose%20To%20use%2023Na%20MRI%20to%20investigate%20abnormal%20sodium%20concentrations%20and%20map%20their%20distribution%20in%20the%20brains%20of%20study%20participants%20with%20ALS%20as%20compared%20with%20healthy%20control%20subjects.%20Materials%20and%20Methods%20Twenty-seven%20participants%20with%20ALS%20%28mean%20age%2C%2054%20years%20%5Cu00b1%2010%20%5Bstandard%20deviation%5D%2C%20eight%20women%29%20and%2030%20healthy%20control%20subjects%20%28mean%20age%2C%2050%20years%20%5Cu00b1%2010%3B%2016%20women%29%20were%20prospectively%20recruited%20between%20September%202015%20and%20October%202017%20and%20were%20examined%20by%20using%20conventional%20proton%20MRI%20and%20sodium%20MRI%20at%203%20T.%20Voxel-based%20statistical%20mapping%20was%20used%20to%20compare%20quantitative%20whole-brain%20total%20sodium%20concentration%20%28TSC%29%20maps%20in%20participants%20with%20ALS%20with%20those%20in%20control%20subjects%20and%20to%20localize%20regions%20of%20abnormal%20elevated%20TSC.%20Potential%20overlap%20of%20abnormal%20elevated%20TSC%20with%20regions%20of%20atrophy%20as%20detected%20with%201H%20MRI%20also%20was%20investigated.%20Results%20Voxel-based%20statistical%20mapping%20analyses%20revealed%20higher%20sodium%20concentration%20in%20motor%20regions%20%28bilateral%20precentral%20gyri%2C%20corticospinal%20tracts%2C%20and%20the%20corpus%20callosum%29%20of%20participants%20with%20ALS%20%28two-sample%20t%20test%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.005%3B%20age%20and%20sex%20as%20covariates%29.%20In%20these%20regions%2C%20mean%20TSC%20was%20higher%20in%20participants%20with%20ALS%20%28mean%2C%2045.6%20mmol%5C%2FL%20wet%20tissue%20%5Cu00b1%203.2%29%20than%20in%20control%20subjects%20%28mean%2C%2041.8%20mmol%5C%2FL%20wet%20tissue%20%5Cu00b1%202.7%3B%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.001%3B%20Cohen%20d%20%3D%201.28%29.%20Brain%20regions%20showing%20higher%20TSC%20represented%20a%20volume%20of%2015.4%20cm3%20that%20did%20not%20overlap%20with%20gray%20matter%20atrophy%20occupying%20a%20volume%20of%2016.9%20cm3.%20Elevated%20TSC%20correlated%20moderately%20with%20corticospinal%20conduction%20failure%20assessed%20with%20transcranial%20magnetic%20stimulation%20in%20the%20right%20upper%20limb%20%28Spearman%20%5Cu03c1%20%3D%20-0.57%3B%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%3A%20-0.78%2C%20-0.16%3B%20P%20%3D%20.005%3B%20n%20%3D%2023%29.%20Conclusion%20Quantitative%2023Na%20MRI%20is%20sensitive%20to%20alterations%20of%20brain%20sodium%20homeostasis%20within%20disease-relevant%20regions%20in%20patients%20with%20amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis%20%28ALS%29.%20This%20supports%20further%20investigation%20of%20abnormal%20sodium%20concentration%20as%20a%20potential%20marker%20of%20neurodegenerative%20processes%20in%20patients%20with%20ALS%20that%20could%20be%20used%20as%20a%20secondary%20endpoint%20in%20clinical%20trials.%20%5Cu00a9%20RSNA%2C%202019%20Online%20supplemental%20material%20is%20available%20for%20this%20article.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Aug%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1148%5C%2Fradiol.2019182276%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221527-1315%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227JR7EDKF%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22HVJZKIZG%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-04-23T10%3A05%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227XD4BL36%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1497928%2C%22username%22%3A%22fkober%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Frank%20Kober%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Ffkober%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Comb%5Cu00e8s%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BComb%26%23xE8%3Bs%2C%20B.%2C%20Monteau%2C%20L.%2C%20Bannier%2C%20E.%2C%20Callot%2C%20V.%2C%20Labauge%2C%20P.%2C%20Ayrignac%2C%20X.%2C%20Carra%20Dalli%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20C.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20de%20Seze%2C%20J.%2C%20Collongues%2C%20N.%2C%20Barillot%2C%20C.%2C%20Edan%2C%20G.%2C%20Ferr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.C.%2C%20Kerbrat%2C%20A.%20and%20EMISEP%20study%20group%20%282019%29%20%26%23x201C%3BMeasurement%20of%20magnetization%20transfer%20ratio%20%28MTR%29%20from%20cervical%20spinal%20cord%3A%20Multicenter%20reproducibility%20and%20variability%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%3A%20JMRI%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2049%286%29%2C%20pp.%201777%26%23x2013%3B1785.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjmri.26537%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1002%5C%2Fjmri.26537%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Measurement%20of%20magnetization%20transfer%20ratio%20%28MTR%29%20from%20cervical%20spinal%20cord%3A%20Multicenter%20reproducibility%20and%20variability%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comb%5Cu00e8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laureline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Monteau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bannier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Labauge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayrignac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarisse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carra%20Dalli%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jerome%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Seze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collongues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barillot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerbrat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22EMISEP%20study%20group%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Assessing%20the%20multicenter%20variability%20of%20magnetization%20transfer%20ratio%20%28MTR%29%20measurements%20in%20the%20spinal%20cord%20of%20healthy%20controls%20is%20the%20first%20step%20toward%20investigating%20its%20clinical%20use%20as%20a%20biomarker.%5CnPURPOSE%3A%20To%20analyze%20the%20between-session%2C%20between-participant%2C%20and%20between-scanner%20variability%20of%20MTR%20measurements%20in%20automatically%20extracted%20regions%20of%20interest%20in%20the%20cervical%20cord%20of%20healthy%20controls.%5CnSTUDY%20TYPE%3A%20Control%20study.%5CnPOPULATION%3A%20Forty-four%20participants%2C%20distributed%20across%20five%20MRI%20scanners%20%28all%20from%20the%20same%20manufacturer%29.%20Ten%20participants%20were%20scanned%20twice%20in%20the%20same%20scanner%2C%20and%2010%20others%20were%20scanned%20twice%20in%20two%20different%20scanners.%5CnFIELD%20STRENGTH%5C%2FSEQUENCE%3A%203D-gradient%20echo%20images%2C%20centered%20on%20C5%2C%20without%20and%20with%20magnetization%20transfer%20prepulse%20at%203T.%5CnASSESSMENT%3A%20We%20calculated%20the%20mean%20MTR%20for%20different%20vertebral%20levels%20in%20the%20whole%20cord%20%28WC%29%2C%20as%20well%20as%20in%20the%20white%20matter%20and%20gray%20matter%2C%20and%20determined%20the%20between-session%2C%20between-participant%2C%20and%20between-scanner%20variabilities.%5CnSTATISTICAL%20TESTS%3A%20Coefficients%20of%20variation%20and%20intraclass%20correlations%20%28ICCs%29%20for%20the%20different%20variabilities%20and%20their%20associated%20confidence%20intervals.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20The%20MTR%20measurements%20for%20Levels%20C4-C6%20%28near%20the%20slab%20center%29%20exhibited%20a%20mean%20value%20in%20WC%20of%2034.6%20pu%20and%20a%20pooled%20standard%20deviation%20of%200.9%20pu.%20The%20between-session%20coefficient%20of%20variation%20was%20estimated%20as%202.3%25%20%28ICC%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.63%29%2C%20the%20between-participant%20coefficient%20as%201.6%25%20%28ICC%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.32%29%2C%20and%20the%20between-scanner%20coefficient%20as%200.7%25%20%28ICC%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.05%29.%20The%20resulting%20aggregate%20coefficient%20of%20variation%20was%202.9%25%2C%20which%20was%20sufficiently%20low%20to%20detect%20an%20MTR%20reduction%20of%201%20pu%20between%20groups%20of%20about%2045%20participants%20%28Type-I%20error%20rate%3A%200.05%3B%20Type-II%20error%20rate%3A%200.10%29.%5CnDATA%20CONCLUSION%3A%20The%20good%20between-scanner%20reproducibility%20and%20low%20overall%20variability%20in%20cervical%20spinal%20cord%20MTR%20measurements%20in%20a%20control%20population%20might%20pave%20the%20way%20for%20multicenter%20analyses%20in%20various%20neurological%20diseases%20with%20moderate%20cohort%20sizes.%5CnLEVEL%20OF%20EVIDENCE%3A%202%20Technical%20Efficacy%3A%20Stage%202%20J.%20Magn.%20Reson.%20Imaging%202019%3B49%3A1777-1785.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jun%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1002%5C%2Fjmri.26537%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221522-2586%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZFC2Q648%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ETKED9VU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maarouf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-02-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Stephan%2C%20D.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20M.-P.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Khrestchatisky%2C%20M.%20and%20Desplat-J%26%23xE9%3Bgo%2C%20S.%20%282019%29%20%26%23x201C%3BHigh%20levels%20of%20serum%20soluble%20TWEAK%20are%20associated%20with%20neuroinflammation%20during%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Translational%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2017%281%29%2C%20p.%2051.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12967-019-1789-3%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs12967-019-1789-3%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22High%20levels%20of%20serum%20soluble%20TWEAK%20are%20associated%20with%20neuroinflammation%20during%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Delphine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie-Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Khrestchatisky%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Desplat-J%5Cu00e9go%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Inflammation%20and%20demyelination%20are%20the%20main%20processes%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis.%20Nevertheless%2C%20to%20date%2C%20blood%20biomarkers%20of%20inflammation%20are%20lacking.%20TWEAK%2C%20a%20transmembrane%20protein%20that%20belongs%20to%20the%20TNF%20ligand%20family%2C%20has%20been%20previously%20identified%20as%20a%20potential%20candidate.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Twenty-eight%20patients%20%289%20males%2C%2019%20females%29%20were%20prospectively%20included%20after%20a%20first%20clinical%20episode%20suggestive%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%20and%20clinically%20followed%20during%203%5Cu00a0years.%20Fifty-seven%20healthy%20controls%20were%20also%20included.%20TWEAK%20serum%20levels%20and%20MRI%20exams%20including%20magnetization%20transfer%20imaging%20were%20performed%20at%20baseline%2C%206-%20and%2012-month%20follow-up.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20TWEAK%20serum%20levels%20were%20significantly%20increased%20in%20the%20patient%20group%20%28mean%20baseline%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20091086%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009493%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%2C%20mean%20M6%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009624%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009302%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%20and%20mean%20M12%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009578%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009245%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%29%20compared%20to%20healthy%20controls%20%28mean%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009467%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009177%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%3B%20respectively%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%2C%200.01%20and%200.06%29.%20Serum%20levels%20of%20soluble%20TWEAK%20were%20significantly%20increased%20during%20relapses%2C%20compared%20to%20time%20periods%20without%20any%20relapse%20%28respectively%20935%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009489%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%20and%20611%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009292%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.0005%29.%20Moreover%2C%20patients%20presenting%20at%20least%20one%20gadolinium-enhanced%20CNS%20lesion%20at%20baseline%20%28n%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20097%29%20displayed%20significantly%20increased%20serum%20TWEAK%20levels%20in%20comparison%20with%20patients%20without%20any%20gadolinium-enhanced%20lesion%20at%20baseline%20%28n%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu200921%29%20%28respectively%201421%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009657%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%20vs%20975%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu2009382%5Cu00a0pg%5C%2FmL%3B%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.02%29.%20Finally%2C%20no%20correlation%20was%20evidenced%20between%20TWEAK%20serum%20levels%20and%20the%20extent%20of%20brain%20tissue%20damage%20assessed%20by%20magnetization%20transfer%20ratio.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20present%20study%20showed%20that%20TWEAK%20serum%20levels%20are%20increased%20in%20MS%20patients%2C%20in%20relation%20to%20the%20disease%20activity.%20This%20simple%20and%20reproducible%20serum%20test%20could%20be%20used%20as%20a%20marker%20of%20ongoing%20inflammation%2C%20contributing%20in%20the%20follow-up%20and%20the%20care%20of%20MS%20patients.%20Thus%2C%20TWEAK%20is%20a%20promising%20serum%20marker%20of%20the%20best%20window%20to%20perform%20brain%20MRI%2C%20optimizing%20the%20disease%20control%20in%20patients.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%2020%2C%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs12967-019-1789-3%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221479-5876%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AZP3EVDU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Comb%5Cu00e8s%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BComb%26%23xE8%3Bs%2C%20B.%2C%20Kerbrat%2C%20A.%2C%20Ferr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.C.%2C%20Callot%2C%20V.%2C%20Maranzano%2C%20J.%2C%20Badji%2C%20A.%2C%20Le%20Page%2C%20E.%2C%20Labauge%2C%20P.%2C%20Ayrignac%2C%20X.%2C%20Carra%20Dalli%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20C.%2C%20de%20Champfleur%2C%20N.M.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20de%20Seze%2C%20J.%2C%20Collongues%2C%20N.%2C%20Brassat%2C%20D.%2C%20Durand-Dubief%2C%20F.%2C%20Barillot%2C%20C.%2C%20Bannier%2C%20E.%20and%20Edan%2C%20G.%20%282019%29%20%26%23x201C%3BFocal%20and%20diffuse%20cervical%20spinal%20cord%20damage%20in%20patients%20with%20early%20relapsing-remitting%20MS%3A%20A%20multicentre%20magnetisation%20transfer%20ratio%20study%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2025%288%29%2C%20pp.%201113%26%23x2013%3B1123.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458518781999%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458518781999%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Focal%20and%20diffuse%20cervical%20spinal%20cord%20damage%20in%20patients%20with%20early%20relapsing-remitting%20MS%3A%20A%20multicentre%20magnetisation%20transfer%20ratio%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Beno%5Cu00eet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comb%5Cu00e8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerbrat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Callot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josefina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maranzano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Atef%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Badji%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Page%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Labauge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xavier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayrignac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarisse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carra%20Dalli%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%20Menjot%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Champfleur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00f4me%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Seze%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collongues%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brassat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7oise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durand-Dubief%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barillot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bannier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Studies%20including%20patients%20with%20well-established%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20have%20shown%20a%20significant%20and%20disability-related%20reduction%20in%20the%20cervical%20spinal%20cord%20%28SC%29%20magnetisation%20transfer%20ratio%20%28MTR%29.%5CnOBJECTIVES%3A%20The%20objectives%20are%20to%20%281%29%20assess%20whether%20MTR%20reduction%20is%20already%20measurable%20in%20the%20SC%20of%20patients%20with%20early%20relapsing-remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28RRMS%29%20and%20%282%29%20describe%20its%20spatial%20distribution.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20We%20included%2060%20patients%20with%20RRMS%20%26lt%3B12%5Cu2009%20months%20and%2034%20age-matched%20controls%20at%20five%20centres.%20Axial%20T2%2Aw%2C%20sagittal%20T2w%2C%20sagittal%20phase-sensitive%20inversion%20recovery%20%28PSIR%29%2C%203DT1w%2C%20and%20axial%20magnetisation%20transfer%20%28MT%29%20images%20were%20acquired%20from%20C1%20to%20C7.%20Lesions%20were%20manually%20labelled%20and%20mean%20MTR%20values%20computed%20both%20for%20the%20whole%20SC%20and%20for%20normal-appearing%20SC%20in%20different%20regions%20of%20interest.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Mean%20whole%20SC%20MTR%20was%20significantly%20lower%20in%20patients%20than%20controls%20%2833.7%20vs%2034.9%5Cu2009%20pu%2C%20p%5Cu2009%20%3D%5Cu2009%200.00005%29%2C%20even%20after%20excluding%20lesions%20%2833.9%5Cu2009%20pu%2C%20p%5Cu2009%20%3D%5Cu2009%200.0003%29.%20We%20observed%20a%20greater%20mean%20reduction%20in%20MTR%20for%20vertebral%20levels%20displaying%20the%20highest%20lesion%20loads%20%28C2-C4%29.%20In%20the%20axial%20plane%2C%20we%20observed%20a%20greater%20mean%20MTR%20reduction%20at%20the%20SC%20periphery%20and%20barycentre.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Cervical%20SC%20tissue%20damage%20measured%20using%20MTR%20is%20not%20restricted%20to%20macroscopic%20lesions%20in%20patients%20with%20early%20RRMS%20and%20is%20not%20homogeneously%20distributed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458518781999%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZFC2Q648%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-04-16T14%3A27%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229Y49QGW5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Durozard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDurozard%2C%20P.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Boutiere%2C%20C.%2C%20Ruet%2C%20A.%2C%20Brochet%2C%20B.%2C%20Vukusic%2C%20S.%2C%20Carra-Dalliere%2C%20C.%2C%20Labauge%2C%20P.%2C%20Mathey%2C%20G.%2C%20Debouverie%2C%20M.%2C%20Papeix%2C%20C.%2C%20Maillart%2C%20E.%2C%20Lubetzki%2C%20C.%2C%20Bensa%2C%20C.%2C%20Gout%2C%20O.%2C%20Giannesini%2C%20C.%2C%20Stankoff%2C%20B.%2C%20Ciron%2C%20J.%2C%20Brassat%2C%20D.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Rico%20Lamy%2C%20A.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282019%29%20%26%23x201C%3BEfficacy%20of%20rituximab%20in%20refractory%20RRMS%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2025%286%29%2C%20pp.%20828%26%23x2013%3B836.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458518772748%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458518772748%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Efficacy%20of%20rituximab%20in%20refractory%20RRMS%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durozard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cl%5Cu00e9mence%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boutiere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aurelie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brochet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sandra%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vukusic%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clarisse%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carra-Dalliere%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Labauge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mathey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Debouverie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Papeix%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maillart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lubetzki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bensa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Claire%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giannesini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bruno%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stankoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ciron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brassat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%20Lamy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20investigate%20the%20efficacy%20of%20rituximab%20as%20rescue%20therapy%20in%20patients%20with%20relapsing-remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28RRMS%29%20and%20persistent%20disease%20activity%20confirmed%20by%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28MRI%29%20despite%20immunosuppressive%20disease-modifying%20therapy%20%28DMT%29.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20In%20this%20observational%20nationwide%20retrospective%20multicenter%20study%2C%20we%20first%20identified%20351%20off-label%20rituximab-treated%20patients%20through%20a%20cohort%20of%2015%2C984%20RRMS%20patients.%20In%20this%20group%2C%20we%20identified%20patients%20with%20disease%20activity%20prior%20to%20rituximab%20confirmed%20by%20MRI%20%28one%20or%20more%20new%20T2%20lesion%20and%5C%2For%20gadolinium-enhancing%20lesion%29%20despite%20immunosuppressive%20DMT%20%28fingolimod%2C%20natalizumab%2C%20or%20mitoxantrone%29%20with%20a%20follow-up%20after%20rituximab%20initiation%20longer%20than%206%5Cu2009months.%20Outcome%20data%20were%20collected%20from%20the%20French%20Observatory%20of%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20%28OFSEP%29%20register%20and%20medical%20charts.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20A%20total%20of%2050%20patients%20were%20identified.%20Median%20rituximab%20treatment%20duration%20was%201.1%20%280.5-6.4%29%5Cu2009year.%20Mean%20annualized%20relapse%20rate%20significantly%20decreased%20from%200.8%20during%20last%20immunosuppressive%20DMT%20to%200.18%20after%20rituximab%20%28%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%29.%20While%2072%25%20of%20patients%20showed%20gadolinium-enhancing%20lesions%20on%20the%20last%20MRI%20performed%20during%20last%20immunosuppressive%20DMT%2C%208%25%20of%20them%20showed%20gadolinium-enhancing%20lesions%20on%20the%20first%20MRI%20performed%206.1%20%28range%201.4-18.4%29%5Cu2009months%20after%20rituximab%20%28%20p%5Cu2009%26lt%3B%5Cu20090.0001%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20This%20study%20provides%20level%20IV%20evidence%20that%20rituximab%20reduces%20clinical%20and%20MRI%20disease%20activity%20in%20patients%20with%20active%20RRMS%20despite%20immunosuppressive%20DMT.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458518772748%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22B2M3AZVC%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-28T08%3A42%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HIPZ7WSJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Donadieu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDonadieu%2C%20M.%2C%20Le%20Fur%2C%20Y.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Gherib%2C%20S.%2C%20Ridley%2C%20B.%2C%20Pini%2C%20L.%2C%20Rapacchi%2C%20S.%2C%20Confort-Gouny%2C%20S.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Schad%2C%20L.R.%2C%20Maudsley%2C%20A.A.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20and%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%20%282019%29%20%26%23x201C%3BMetabolic%20counterparts%20of%20sodium%20accumulation%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%20whole%20brain%2023Na-MRI%20and%20fast%201H-MRSI%20study%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2025%281%29%2C%20pp.%2039%26%23x2013%3B47.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458517736146%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458517736146%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Metabolic%20counterparts%20of%20sodium%20accumulation%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%20whole%20brain%2023Na-MRI%20and%20fast%201H-MRSI%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donadieu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Fur%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soraya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gherib%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ridley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauriane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stanislas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rapacchi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylviane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Confort-Gouny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lothar%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maudsley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Increase%20of%20brain%20total%20sodium%20concentrations%20%28TSC%29%20is%20present%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%2C%20but%20its%20pathological%20involvement%20has%20not%20been%20assessed%20yet.%5CnOBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20determine%20in%20vivo%20the%20metabolic%20counterpart%20of%20brain%20sodium%20accumulation.%5CnMATERIALS%5C%2FMETHODS%3A%20Whole%20brain%2023Na-MR%20imaging%20and%203D-1H-EPSI%20data%20were%20collected%20in%2021%20relapsing-remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28RRMS%29%20patients%20and%2020%20volunteers.%20Metabolites%20and%20sodium%20levels%20were%20extracted%20from%20several%20regions%20of%20grey%20matter%20%28GM%29%2C%20normal-appearing%20white%20matter%20%28NAWM%29%20and%20white%20matter%20%28WM%29%20T2%20lesions.%20Metabolic%20and%20ionic%20levels%20expressed%20as%20Z-scores%20have%20been%20averaged%20over%20the%20different%20compartments%20and%20used%20to%20explain%20sodium%20accumulations%20through%20stepwise%20regression%20models.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20MS%20patients%20showed%20significant%2023Na%20accumulations%20with%20lower%20choline%20and%20glutamate-glutamine%20%28Glx%29%20levels%20in%20GM%3B%2023Na%20accumulations%20with%20lower%20N-acetyl%20aspartate%20%28NAA%29%2C%20Glx%20levels%20and%20higher%20Myo-Inositol%20%28m-Ins%29%20in%20NAWM%3B%20and%20higher%2023Na%2C%20m-Ins%20levels%20with%20lower%20NAA%20in%20WM%20T2%20lesions.%20Regression%20models%20showed%20associations%20of%20TSC%20increase%20with%20reduced%20NAA%20in%20GM%2C%20NAWM%20and%20T2%20lesions%2C%20as%20well%20as%20higher%20total-creatine%2C%20and%20smaller%20decrease%20of%20m-Ins%20in%20T2%20lesions.%20GM%20Glx%20levels%20were%20associated%20with%20clinical%20scores.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Increase%20of%20TSC%20in%20RRMS%20is%20mainly%20related%20to%20neuronal%20mitochondrial%20dysfunction%20while%20dysfunction%20of%20neuro-glial%20interactions%20within%20GM%20is%20linked%20to%20clinical%20scores.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458517736146%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22SVI8UJ6H%22%2C%227JR7EDKF%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22HVJZKIZG%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%22SK6VWU7K%22%2C%226NQZK62Z%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2296FZI46K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maarouf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Bouti%26%23xE8%3Bre%2C%20C.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20and%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20%282018%29%20%26%23x201C%3BHow%20much%20progress%20has%20there%20been%20in%20the%20second-line%20treatment%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%202017%20update%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRevue%20Neurologique%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20174%286%29%2C%20pp.%20429%26%23x2013%3B440.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurol.2018.01.369%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurol.2018.01.369%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20much%20progress%20has%20there%20been%20in%20the%20second-line%20treatment%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%202017%20update%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouti%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%201993%2C%20the%20US%20Food%20and%20Drug%20Administration%20%28FDA%29%20approved%20the%20first%20drug%20specifically%20for%20treating%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29.%20More%20than%20two%20decades%20later%2C%20a%20dozen%20such%20treatments%20are%20now%20available.%20Of%20these%2C%20four%20are%20considered%20second-line%20treatments%20for%20use%20in%20escalation%20strategies%20and%20two%20new%20drugs%20are%20currently%20undergoing%20accreditation%20procedures.%20Soon%2C%20they%20will%20provide%20clinicians%20with%20a%20range%20of%20six%20effective%20disease-modifying%20treatments%20%28DMTs%29%20to%20thwart%20the%20inflammatory%20processes%20in%20MS%20patients%20with%20active%20disease.%20However%2C%20while%20such%20a%20large%20number%20of%20DMTs%20for%20MS%20can%20help%20to%20control%20early%20inflammation%2C%20any%20decisions%20to%20be%20made%20by%20clinicians%20have%20also%20been%20made%20substantially%20more%20complex.%20This%20complexity%20is%20increased%20by%20the%20lack%20of%20head-to-head%20studies%20comparing%20these%20second-line%20therapies%20and%20the%20benefit-risk%20profiles%20for%20each%20of%20these%20drugs%2C%20which%20are%20likely%20to%20vary%20among%20patients.%20Ultimately%2C%20good%20awareness%20of%20the%20benefits%20and%2C%20more%20important%2C%20the%20risks%20of%20each%20MS%20DMT%20is%20crucial%20for%20the%20effective%20management%20of%20inflammation%20in%20MS.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jun%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.neurol.2018.01.369%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035-3787%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IRTJHR5P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ridley%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRidley%2C%20B.%2C%20Nagel%2C%20A.M.%2C%20Bydder%2C%20M.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Stellmann%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Gherib%2C%20S.%2C%20Verneuil%2C%20J.%2C%20Viout%2C%20P.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%20and%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20%282018%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDistribution%20of%20brain%20sodium%20long%20and%20short%20relaxation%20times%20and%20concentrations%3A%20a%20multi-echo%20ultra-high%20field23Na%20MRI%20study%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScientific%20Reports%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%208%281%29%2C%20p.%204357.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-018-22711-0%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fs41598-018-22711-0%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Distribution%20of%20brain%20sodium%20long%20and%20short%20relaxation%20times%20and%20concentrations%3A%20a%20multi-echo%20ultra-high%20field23Na%20MRI%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ben%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ridley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Armin%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nagel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bydder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jan-Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stellmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soraya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gherib%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeremy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Verneuil%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Patrick%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Viout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Sodium%20%2823Na%29%20MRI%20proffers%20the%20possibility%20of%20novel%20information%20for%20neurological%20research%20but%20also%20particular%20challenges.%20Uncertainty%20can%20arise%20in%20in%20vivo23Na%20estimates%20from%20signal%20losses%20given%20the%20rapidity%20of%20T2%2A%20decay%20due%20to%20biexponential%20relaxation%20with%20both%20short%20%28T2%2Ashort%29%20and%20long%20%28T2%2Along%29%20components.%20We%20build%20on%20previous%20work%20by%20characterising%20the%20decay%20curve%20directly%20via%20multi-echo%20imaging%20at%207%5Cu2009T%20in%2013%20controls%20with%20the%20requisite%20number%2C%20distribution%20and%20range%20to%20assess%20the%20distribution%20of%20both%20in%20vivo%20T2%2Ashortand%20T2%2Alongand%20in%20variation%20between%20grey%20and%20white%20matter%2C%20and%20subregions.%20By%20modelling%20the%20relationship%20between%20signal%20and%20reference%20concentration%20and%20applying%20it%20to%20in%20vivo23Na-MRI%20signal%2C23Na%20concentrations%20and%20apparent%20transverse%20relaxation%20times%20of%20different%20brain%20regions%20were%20measured%20for%20the%20first%20time.%20Relaxation%20components%20and%20concentrations%20differed%20substantially%20between%20regions%20of%20differing%20tissue%20composition%2C%20suggesting%20sensitivity%20of%20multi-echo23Na-MRI%20toward%20features%20of%20tissue%20composition.%20As%20such%2C%20these%20results%20raise%20the%20prospect%20of%20multi-echo23Na-MRI%20as%20an%20adjunct%20source%20of%20information%20on%20biochemical%20mechanisms%20in%20both%20physiological%20and%20pathophysiological%20states.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Mar%2012%2C%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fs41598-018-22711-0%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222045-2322%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22QU2QXBVV%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22HVJZKIZG%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%229L2KHJ5X%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-05-28T08%3A33%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N5582A4Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kerbrat%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKerbrat%2C%20A.%2C%20Comb%26%23xE8%3Bs%2C%20B.%2C%20Commowick%2C%20O.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Bannier%2C%20E.%2C%20Ferr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.C.%2C%20Tourbah%2C%20A.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Barillot%2C%20C.%20and%20Edan%2C%20G.%20%282018%29%20%26%23x201C%3BUSPIO-positive%20MS%20lesions%20are%20associated%20with%20greater%20tissue%20damage%20than%20gadolinium-positive-only%20lesions%20during%203-year%20follow-up%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2024%2814%29%2C%20pp.%201852%26%23x2013%3B1861.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458517736148%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458517736148%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22USPIO-positive%20MS%20lesions%20are%20associated%20with%20greater%20tissue%20damage%20than%20gadolinium-positive-only%20lesions%20during%203-year%20follow-up%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kerbrat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benoit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Comb%5Cu00e8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Commowick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bannier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tourbah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barillot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Identifying%20in%20vivo%20the%20processes%20that%20determine%20lesion%20severity%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20remains%20a%20challenge.%5CnOBJECTIVES%3A%20To%20describe%20the%20dynamics%20of%20ultrasmall%20superparamagnetic%20iron%20oxide%20%28USPIO%29%20enhancement%20in%20MS%20lesions%20and%20the%20relationship%20between%20USPIO%20enhancement%20and%20microstructural%20changes%20over%203%5Cu2009years.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Lesion%20development%20was%20assessed%20at%20baseline%2C%20Months%203%2C%206%2C%20and%209%2C%20using%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28MRI%29%20with%20gadolinium%20and%20USPIO.%20Microstructural%20changes%20were%20assessed%20at%20baseline%2C%20Months%203%2C%206%2C%209%2C%2012%2C%2018%2C%2024%2C%20and%2036%2C%20using%20relaxometry%2C%20magnetization%20transfer%2C%20and%20diffusion-weighted%20imaging.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20We%20included%2015%20patients%20with%20clinically%20isolated%20syndrome.%20In%20the%2052%20MRI%20scans%20acquired%20with%20USPIO%2C%2022%20lesions%20were%20USPIO%20and%20gadolinium%20positive%2C%20and%2044%20were%20USPIO%20negative%20but%20gadolinium%20positive.%20Lesions%20no%20longer%20exhibited%20sustained%20USPIO%20enhancement%203%5Cu2009months%20later.%20At%20baseline%2C%20lesions%20that%20were%20both%20USPIO%20and%20gadolinium%20positive%20had%20lower%20magnetization%20transfer%20ratio%20values%20%28common%20language%20effect%20size%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.84%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.0005%29%20and%20lower%20fractional%20anisotropy%20values%20%280.83%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.001%29%20than%20gadolinium-positive-only%20lesions.%20USPIO-positive%20lesions%20remained%20associated%20with%20greater%20damage%20than%20gadolinium-positive-only%20lesions%20throughout%20the%203-year%20follow-up.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20USPIO%20enhancement%2C%20mainly%20reflecting%20monocyte%20infiltration%2C%20is%20transient%20and%20is%20associated%20with%20persistent%20tissue%20damage%20after%203%5Cu2009years.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458517736148%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-15T09%3A37%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229NIU9JEV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Doche%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDoche%2C%20E.%2C%20Lecocq%2C%20A.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Duhamel%2C%20G.%2C%20Soulier%2C%20E.%2C%20Confort-Gouny%2C%20S.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%20and%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20%282017%29%20%26%23x201C%3BHypoperfusion%20of%20the%20thalamus%20is%20associated%20with%20disability%20in%20relapsing%20remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Neuroradiology.%20Journal%20De%20Neuroradiologie%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2044%282%29%2C%20pp.%20158%26%23x2013%3B164.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurad.2016.10.001%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurad.2016.10.001%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Hypoperfusion%20of%20the%20thalamus%20is%20associated%20with%20disability%20in%20relapsing%20remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Doche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ang%5Cu00e8le%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lecocq%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guillaume%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Duhamel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soulier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylviane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Confort-Gouny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20While%20gray%20matter%20%28GM%29%20perfusion%20abnormalities%20have%20been%20evidenced%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29%20patients%2C%20the%20relationships%20with%20disability%20still%20remain%20unclear.%20Considering%20that%20atrophy%20is%20known%20to%20impact%20on%20perfusion%2C%20we%20aimed%20to%20assess%20perfusion%20abnormalities%20in%20GM%20of%20MS%20patients%2C%20outside%20atrophic%20regions%20and%20investigate%20relationships%20with%20disability.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Brain%20perfusion%20of%2023%20relapsing%20remitting%20MS%20patients%20and%2016%20matched%20healthy%20subjects%20were%20assessed%20at%203T%20using%20the%20pseudo-continuous%20arterial%20spin%20labeling%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20technique.%20In%20order%20to%20locate%20potential%20GM%20perfusion%20abnormalities%20in%20regions%20spared%20by%20atrophy%2C%20we%20combined%20voxelwise%20comparisons%20of%20GM%20cerebral%20blood%20flow%20%28CBF%29%20maps%20%28cortex%20and%20deep%20GM%29%20%28P%26lt%3B0.005%2C%20FWE-corrected%29%20and%20voxel-based-morphometry%20analysis%20%28P%26lt%3B0.005%2C%20FDR-corrected%29%20to%20exclude%20atrophic%20regions.%20Disability%20was%20assessed%20using%20the%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20%28EDSS%29%20and%20the%20Multiple%20Sclerosis%20Functional%20Composite%20score%20%28MSFC%29.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20In%20patients%2C%20significant%20GM%20hypoperfusion%20outside%20atrophic%20regions%20was%20depicted%20only%20in%20bilateral%20thalami.%20No%20other%20cluster%20was%20found%20to%20be%20hypoperfused%20compared%20to%20controls.%20Perfusion%20of%20thalami%20was%20correlated%20to%20MSFC%20%28P%3D0.011%2C%20rho%3D0.523%29.%20A%20trend%20of%20correlation%20was%20found%20between%20perfusion%20of%20thalami%20and%20EDSS%20%28P%3D0.061%2C%20rho%3D-0.396%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20In%20relapsing%20remitting%20MS%2C%20perfusion%20abnormalities%20in%20thalamic%20regions%20contribute%20to%20disability.%20These%20findings%20suggest%20that%20functional%20impairments%20of%20thalami%2C%20representing%20a%20major%20brain%20hub%2C%20may%20disturb%20various%20cerebral%20functions%20even%20before%20structural%20damage.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Mar%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.neurad.2016.10.001%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220150-9861%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%224U7D3E9U%22%2C%227JR7EDKF%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-04-16T14%3A27%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227E9BBSTC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maarouf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%2C%20Pariollaud%2C%20F.%2C%20Gherib%2C%20S.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Soulier%2C%20E.%2C%20Confort-Gouny%2C%20S.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Schad%2C%20L.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%20and%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%20%282017%29%20%26%23x201C%3BIncreased%20total%20sodium%20concentration%20in%20gray%20matter%20better%20explains%20cognition%20than%20atrophy%20in%20MS%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNeurology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2088%283%29%2C%20pp.%20289%26%23x2013%3B295.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FWNL.0000000000003511%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1212%5C%2FWNL.0000000000003511%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Increased%20total%20sodium%20concentration%20in%20gray%20matter%20better%20explains%20cognition%20than%20atrophy%20in%20MS%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fanelly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pariollaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soraya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gherib%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soulier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylviane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Confort-Gouny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lothar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schad%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objective%3A%20To%20investigate%20whether%20brain%20total%20sodium%20accumulation%20assessed%20by%2023Na%20MRI%20is%20associated%20with%20cognitive%20deficit%20in%20relapsing-remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28RRMS%29.%5CnMethods%3A%20Eighty-nine%20participants%20were%20enrolled%20in%20the%20study%20%2858%20patients%20with%20RRMS%20with%20a%20disease%20duration%20%5Cu226410%20years%20and%2031%20matched%20healthy%20controls%29.%20Patients%20were%20classified%20as%20cognitively%20impaired%20if%20they%20failed%20at%20least%202%20tasks%20on%20the%20Brief%20Repeatable%20Battery.%20MRI%20was%20performed%20at%203T%20using%2023Na%20MRI%20to%20obtain%20total%20sodium%20concentration%20%28TSC%29%20in%20the%20different%20brain%20compartments%20%28lesions%2C%20normal-appearing%20white%20matter%20%5BNAWM%5D%2C%20gray%20matter%20%5BGM%5D%29%20and%201H-%20magnetization-prepared%20rapid%20gradient%20echo%20to%20assess%20GM%20atrophy%20%28GM%20fraction%29.%5CnResults%3A%20The%20mean%20disease%20duration%20was%203.1%20years%20and%20the%20median%20Expanded%20Disability%20Status%20Scale%20score%20was%201%20%28range%200%5Cu20134.5%29.%20Thirty-seven%20patients%20were%20classified%20as%20cognitively%20preserved%20and%2021%20as%20cognitively%20impaired.%20TSC%20was%20increased%20in%20GM%20and%20NAWM%20in%20cognitively%20impaired%20patients%20compared%20to%20cognitively%20preserved%20patients%20and%20healthy%20controls.%20Voxel-wise%20analysis%20demonstrated%20that%20sodium%20accumulation%20was%20mainly%20located%20in%20the%20neocortex%20in%20cognitively%20impaired%20patients.%20Regression%20analysis%20evidenced%20than%20the%202%20best%20independent%20predictors%20of%20cognitive%20impairment%20were%20GM%20TSC%20and%20age.%20Receiver%20operating%20characteristic%20analyses%20demonstrated%20that%20sensitivity%20and%20specificity%20of%20the%20GM%20TSC%20to%20classify%20patients%20according%20to%20their%20cognitive%20status%20were%2076%25%20and%2071%25%2C%20respectively.%5CnConclusions%3A%20This%20study%20provides%202%20main%20findings.%20%281%29%20In%20RRMS%2C%20total%20sodium%20accumulation%20in%20the%20GM%20is%20better%20associated%20with%20cognitive%20impairment%20than%20GM%20atrophy%3B%20and%20%282%29%20total%20sodium%20accumulation%20in%20patients%20with%20cognitive%20impairment%20is%20mainly%20located%20in%20the%20neocortex.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2201%5C%2F17%5C%2F2017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1212%5C%2FWNL.0000000000003511%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220028-3878%2C%201526-632X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.neurology.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F88%5C%2F3%5C%2F289%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227JR7EDKF%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ICVQFWWM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wybrecht%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWybrecht%2C%20D.%2C%20Reuter%2C%20F.%2C%20Pariollaud%2C%20F.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%2C%20Le%20Troter%2C%20A.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Confort-Gouny%2C%20S.%2C%20Soulier%2C%20E.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282017%29%20%26%23x201C%3BNew%20brain%20lesions%20with%20no%20impact%20on%20physical%20disability%20can%20impact%20cognition%20in%20early%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%20ten-year%20longitudinal%20study%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPloS%20One%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2012%2811%29%2C%20p.%20e0184650.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0184650%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0184650%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22New%20brain%20lesions%20with%20no%20impact%20on%20physical%20disability%20can%20impact%20cognition%20in%20early%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%20ten-year%20longitudinal%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wybrecht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Reuter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pariollaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Troter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Confort-Gouny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soulier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20In%20early%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%20although%20brain%20T2%20lesions%20accrual%20are%20hallmark%20of%20the%20disease%2C%20only%20weak%20correlations%20were%20found%20between%20T2%20lesions%20accrual%20and%20EDSS%20progression%2C%20the%20disability%20scale%20commonly%20used%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%20studies.%20This%20may%20be%20related%20to%20the%20very%20poor%20sensitivity%20of%20EDSS%20to%20cognitive%20dysfunctions%20that%20may%20occur%20and%20progress%20from%20the%20first%20stage%20of%20the%20disease.%20In%20the%20present%20study%2C%20we%20aimed%20to%20demonstrate%20that%20cognitive%20deficits%20progress%20during%20the%20first%20ten%20years%20of%20MS%20and%20are%20significantly%20impacted%20by%20new%20T2%20lesions.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20EDSS%20and%20extensive%20neuropsychological%20battery%20%2822%20measures%29%20exploring%20memory%2C%20attention%5C%2Fspeed%20of%20information%20processing%20and%20executive%20functions%20were%20assessed%20at%20baseline%2C%20Year%201%20and%20Year%2010%20in%2026%20patients%20enrolled%20after%20their%20first%20clinical%20attack.%20To%20limit%20the%20bias%20of%20test-retest%20effect%2C%20only%20measures%20obtained%20at%20Year%201%20and%20Year%2010%20were%20reported%20in%20the%20analysis.%20Raw%20scores%20of%20patients%20were%20transformed%20into%20z-scores%20using%20published%20normative%20data%20when%20available%20or%20scores%20of%20matched%20controls.%20Lesion%20probability%20mapping%20was%20used%20to%20assess%20the%20potential%20relationships%20between%20T2%20lesions%20accumulation%2C%20cognitive%20decline%20and%20EDSS%20progression%20%28P%26lt%3B0.05%2C%20FWE-corrected%29.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20At%20Year%201%2C%2027%25%20of%20patients%20showed%20attention%5C%2Fspeed%20of%20information%20processing%20deficits%2C%2011.5%25%20executive%20dysfunction%20and%2011.5%25%20memory%20impairment.%20During%20the%20follow-up%2C%20frequency%20and%20severity%20of%20executive%20dysfunction%20increased%20%28from%2011.5%25%20of%20patients%20at%20Year%201%20to%2042%25%20at%20Year%2010%2C%20p%26lt%3B0.01%29%20while%20no%20significant%20changes%20were%20evidenced%20for%20the%20other%20cognitive%20domains.%20Median%20EDSS%20increased%20from%200.5%20%5Brange%3A%200-3%5D%20at%20Year%201%20to%202.5%20%5Brange%3A%200-6.5%5D%20at%20Year%2010%20%28p%26lt%3B0.001%29.%20During%20the%20ten-year%20follow-up%2C%20lesions%20accumulation%20in%20the%20left%20cerebellum%20and%20semi-ovale%20centers%20was%20associated%20with%20EDSS%20progression.%20In%20contrast%2C%20most%20lesions%20accumulation%20in%20the%20frontal%2C%20parietal%20and%20temporal%20lobes%20were%20associated%20with%20cognitive%20decline%20but%20had%20no%20effect%20on%20EDSS%20progression.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20The%20present%20study%20provides%20strong%20evidence%20that%20clinically%20silent%20T2%20lesions%20impact%20cognition%20in%20early%20MS.%20In%20daily%20practice%2C%20early%20prevention%20of%20T2%20lesions%20accrual%20may%20be%20useful%20to%20limit%20cognitive%20decline.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0184650%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227JR7EDKF%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%225P5FWCR9%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XTEBUKUS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Faivre%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFaivre%2C%20A.%2C%20Robinet%2C%20E.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Rousseau%2C%20C.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Le%20Troter%2C%20A.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%2C%20Rico%2C%20A.%2C%20Crespy%2C%20L.%2C%20Soulier%2C%20E.%2C%20Confort-Gouny%2C%20S.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Achard%2C%20S.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%20and%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20%282016%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDepletion%20of%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20enhancement%20leads%20to%20disability%20progression%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%20longitudinal%20resting-state%20fMRI%20study%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2022%2813%29%2C%20pp.%201695%26%23x2013%3B1708.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458516628657%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458516628657%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Depletion%20of%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20enhancement%20leads%20to%20disability%20progression%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%3A%20A%20longitudinal%20resting-state%20fMRI%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anthony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Faivre%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robinet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Celia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rousseau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Troter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Audrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rico%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lydie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crespy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elisabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soulier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylviane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Confort-Gouny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Achard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20The%20compensatory%20effect%20of%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20enhancement%20in%20relapsing-remitting%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28RRMS%29%20remains%20controversial.%5CnOBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20characterize%20the%20relationships%20between%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20changes%20and%20disability%20progression%20in%20RRMS.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Long-range%20connectivity%2C%20short-range%20connectivity%2C%20and%20density%20of%20connections%20were%20assessed%20using%20graph%20theoretical%20analysis%20of%20resting-state%20functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20%28fMRI%29%20data%20acquired%20in%2038%20RRMS%20patients%20%28disease%20duration%3A%20120%5Cu2009%5Cu00b1%5Cu200932%5Cu2009months%29%20and%2024%20controls.%20All%20subjects%20were%20explored%20at%20baseline%20and%20all%20patients%20and%20six%20controls%202%5Cu2009years%20later.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20At%20baseline%2C%20levels%20of%20long-range%20and%20short-range%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20were%20higher%20in%20patients%20compared%20to%20controls.%20During%20the%20follow-up%2C%20decrease%20in%20connections%26%23039%3B%20density%20was%20inversely%20correlated%20with%20disability%20progression.%20Post-hoc%20analysis%20evidenced%20differential%20evolution%20of%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20metrics%20in%20patients%20according%20to%20their%20level%20of%20disability%20at%20baseline%3A%20while%20patients%20with%20lowest%20disability%20at%20baseline%20experienced%20an%20increase%20in%20all%20connectivity%20metrics%20during%20the%20follow-up%2C%20patients%20with%20higher%20disability%20at%20baseline%20showed%20a%20decrease%20in%20the%20connectivity%20metrics.%20In%20these%20patients%2C%20decrease%20in%20the%20connectivity%20metrics%20was%20associated%20with%20disability%20progression.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20The%20study%20provides%20two%20main%20findings%3A%20%281%29%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20enhancement%20decreases%20during%20the%20disease%20course%20after%20reaching%20a%20maximal%20level%2C%20and%20%282%29%20decrease%20in%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20enhancement%20participates%20in%20disability%20progression.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Nov%202016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ENG%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458516628657%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227JR7EDKF%22%2C%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%22STABI8MG%22%2C%225P5FWCR9%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228HFR9PNR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maarouf%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A5%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Ferr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20Zaaraoui%2C%20W.%2C%20Le%20Troter%2C%20A.%2C%20Bannier%2C%20E.%2C%20Berry%2C%20I.%2C%20Guye%2C%20M.%2C%20Pierot%2C%20L.%2C%20Barillot%2C%20C.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Tourbah%2C%20A.%2C%20Edan%2C%20G.%2C%20Audoin%2C%20B.%20and%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%20%282016%29%20%26%23x201C%3BUltra-small%20superparamagnetic%20iron%20oxide%20enhancement%20is%20associated%20with%20higher%20loss%20of%20brain%20tissue%20structure%20in%20clinically%20isolated%20syndrome%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMultiple%20Sclerosis%20%28Houndmills%2C%20Basingstoke%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2022%288%29%2C%20pp.%201032%26%23x2013%3B1039.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458515607649%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1352458515607649%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ultra-small%20superparamagnetic%20iron%20oxide%20enhancement%20is%20associated%20with%20higher%20loss%20of%20brain%20tissue%20structure%20in%20clinically%20isolated%20syndrome%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wafaa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaaraoui%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Troter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bannier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maxime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guye%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barillot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tourbah%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bertrand%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Audoin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Macrophages%20are%20important%20components%20of%20inflammatory%20processes%20in%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%20closely%20linked%20to%20axonal%20loss%2C%20and%20can%20now%20be%20observed%20in%20vivo%20using%20ultra-small%20superparamagnetic%20iron%20oxide%20%28USPIO%29.%20In%20the%20present%201-year%20longitudinal%20study%2C%20we%20aimed%20to%20determine%20the%20prevalence%20and%20the%20impact%20on%20tissue%20injury%20of%20macrophage%20infiltration%20in%20patients%20after%20the%20first%20clinical%20event%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Thirty-five%20patients%2C%2032%20years%20mean%20age%2C%20were%20imaged%20in%20a%20mean%20of%2066%20days%20after%20their%20first%20event%20using%20conventional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%2C%20gadolinium%20%28Gd%29%20to%20probe%20blood-brain%20barrier%20integrity%2C%20USPIO%20to%20study%20macrophage%20infiltration%20and%20magnetization%20transfer%20ratio%20%28MTR%29%20to%20assess%20tissue%20structure%20integrity.%20Statistics%20were%20performed%20using%20two-group%20repeated-measures%20ANOVA.%20Any%20patient%20received%20treatment%20at%20baseline.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20At%20baseline%2C%20patients%20showed%2017%20USPIO-positive%20lesions%20reflecting%20infiltration%20of%20macrophages%20present%20from%20the%20onset.%20This%20infiltration%20was%20associated%20with%20local%20higher%20loss%20of%20tissue%20structure%20as%20emphasized%20by%20significant%20lower%20MTRnorm%20values%20%28p%26lt%3B0.03%29%20in%20USPIO%28%2B%29%5C%2FGd%28%2B%29%20lesions%20%28n%3D16%3B%20MTRnormUSPIO%28%2B%29%5C%2FGd%28%2B%29%3D0.78%20at%20baseline%2C%20MTRnormUSPIO%28%2B%29%5C%2FGd%28%2B%29%3D0.81%20at%20M12%29%20relative%20to%20USPIO%28-%29%5C%2FGd%28%2B%29%20lesions%20%28n%3D67%3B%20MTRnormUSPIO%28-%29%5C%2FGd%28%2B%29%3D0.82%20at%20baseline%2C%20MTRnormUSPIO%28-%29%5C%2FGd%28%2B%29%3D0.85%20at%20M12%29.%20No%20interaction%20in%20MTR%20values%20was%20observed%20during%20the%2012%20months%20follow-up%20%28lesion%20type%20%5Cu00d7%20time%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Infiltration%20of%20activated%20macrophages%20evidenced%20by%20USPIO%20enhancement%2C%20is%20present%20at%20the%20onset%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%20and%20is%20associated%20with%20higher%20and%20persistent%20local%20loss%20of%20tissue%20structure.%20Macrophage%20infiltration%20affects%20more%20tissue%20structure%20while%20tissue%20recovery%20during%20the%20following%20year%20has%20a%20similar%20pattern%20for%20USPIO%20and%20Gd-enhanced%20lesions%2C%20leading%20to%20relative%20higher%20persistent%20local%20loss%20of%20tissue%20structure%20in%20lesions%20showing%20USPIO%20enhancement%20at%20baseline.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%202016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1352458515607649%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221477-0970%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%2C%22P66W67T8%22%2C%225P5FWCR9%22%2C%226KPLZTET%22%2C%22XTA6KS7L%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GGSSZSNJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Caucheteux%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-02-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCaucheteux%2C%20N.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Genevray%2C%20M.%2C%20Leray%2C%20E.%2C%20Deschamps%2C%20R.%2C%20Chaunu%2C%20M.P.%2C%20Daelman%2C%20L.%2C%20Ferr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.C.%2C%20Gout%2C%20O.%2C%20Pelletier%2C%20J.%2C%20Pierot%2C%20L.%2C%20Edan%2C%20G.%20and%20Tourbah%2C%20A.%20%282015%29%20%26%23x201C%3BCriteria%20improving%20multiple%20sclerosis%20diagnosis%20at%20the%20first%20MRI%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Neurology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20262%284%29%2C%20pp.%20979%26%23x2013%3B987.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00415-015-7668-9%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00415-015-7668-9%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Criteria%20improving%20multiple%20sclerosis%20diagnosis%20at%20the%20first%20MRI%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathalie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caucheteux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margaux%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Genevray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emmanuelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Romain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Deschamps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marie%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaunu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laure%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daelman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gout%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelletier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pierot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ayman%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tourbah%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20introduction%20of%20the%20McDonald%20criteria%20has%20enabled%20earlier%20diagnosis%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%20%28MS%29.%20However%2C%20even%20with%20the%202010%20revised%20criteria%2C%20nearly%2050%20%25%20of%20patients%20remain%20classified%20as%20%5Cu201cpossible%20MS%5Cu201d%20following%20the%20first%20MRI.%20The%20present%20study%20aimed%20to%20demonstrate%20that%20time%20to%20MS%20diagnosis%20could%20be%20shorter%20than%202010%20revised%20criteria%2C%20and%20established%20after%20a%20single%20early%20MRI%20in%20most%20patients%20with%20the%20association%20of%20the%20symptomatic%20lesion%20and%20at%20least%20one%20suggestive%20asymptomatic%20lesion.%20We%20also%20evaluated%20the%20short-term%20predictive%20capacity%20of%20an%20individual%20suggestive%20lesion%20on%20disease%20activity.%20We%20analyzed%20initial%20MRI%20results%20from%20146%20patients%20with%20MS%20from%20a%20multicenter%20retrospective%20study.%20Visualization%20of%20the%20symptomatic%20lesion%20was%20used%20as%20a%20primary%20criterion.%20Secondary%20criteria%20included%20one%20suggestive%20lesion%20%28SL%29%20aspect%20or%20topography%20on%20MRI%2C%20or%20one%20non-specific%20lesion%20associated%20with%20positive%20CSF.%20The%20proposed%20criteria%20led%20to%20a%20positive%20diagnosis%20of%20MS%20in%20100%20%25%20of%20cases%2C%20from%20information%20available%20from%20the%20time%20of%20the%20first%20MRI%20for%20145%20patients%20%2899.3%20%25%29.%20At%20least%20one%20SL%20was%20observed%20for%20143%20patients%20%2897.9%20%25%29%2C%20and%20positive%20CSF%20for%20the%203%20others.%20Compared%20to%20the%20McDonald%20criteria%2C%20the%20proposed%20criteria%20had%20100%20%25%20sensitivity%2C%20with%20a%20significantly%20shorter%20mean%20time%20to%20reach%20a%20positive%20diagnosis.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20simultaneous%20presence%20of%20corpus%20callosum%2C%20temporal%20horn%2C%20and%20ovoid%20lesions%20was%20associated%20with%20radiological%20or%20clinical%20activity%20after%20a%20year%20of%20follow-up.%20The%20proposed%20diagnostic%20criteria%20are%20easy%20to%20apply%2C%20have%20a%20good%20sensitivity%2C%20and%20allow%20an%20earlier%20diagnosis%20than%20the%202010%20McDonald%20criteria.%20Nevertheless%2C%20prospective%20studies%20are%20needed%20to%20establish%20specificity%20and%20to%20confirm%20these%20findings.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%5C%2F02%5C%2F17%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs00415-015-7668-9%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220340-5354%2C%201432-1459%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs00415-015-7668-9%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22B4EWFM7E%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-26T16%3A01%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223JVZHS8X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1497928%2C%22username%22%3A%22fkober%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Frank%20Kober%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Ffkober%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Commowick%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCommowick%2C%20O.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Ferr%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20J.-C.%2C%20Ranjeva%2C%20J.-P.%2C%20Edan%2C%20G.%20and%20Barillot%2C%20C.%20%282015%29%20%26%23x201C%3BDiffusion%20MRI%20abnormalities%20detection%20with%20orientation%20distribution%20functions%3A%20A%20multiple%20sclerosis%20longitudinal%20study%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMedical%20Image%20Analysis%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2022%281%29%2C%20pp.%20114%26%23x2013%3B123.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.media.2015.02.005%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.media.2015.02.005%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diffusion%20MRI%20abnormalities%20detection%20with%20orientation%20distribution%20functions%3A%20A%20multiple%20sclerosis%20longitudinal%20study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Commowick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Christophe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferr%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ranjeva%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gilles%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barillot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20propose%20a%20new%20algorithm%20for%20the%20voxelwise%20analysis%20of%20orientation%20distribution%20functions%20between%20one%20image%20and%20a%20group%20of%20reference%20images.%20It%20relies%20on%20a%20generic%20framework%20for%20the%20comparison%20of%20diffusion%20probabilities%20on%20the%20sphere%2C%20sampled%20from%20the%20underlying%20models.%20We%20demonstrate%20that%20this%20method%2C%20combined%20to%20dimensionality%20reduction%20through%20a%20principal%20component%20analysis%2C%20allows%20for%20more%20robust%20detection%20of%20lesions%20on%20simulated%20data%20when%20compared%20to%20classical%20tensor-based%20analysis.%20We%20then%20demonstrate%20the%20efficiency%20of%20this%20pipeline%20on%20the%20longitudinal%20comparison%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%20patients%20at%20an%20early%20stage%20of%20the%20disease%3A%20right%20after%20their%20first%20clinically%20isolated%20syndrome%20%28CIS%29%20and%20three%20months%20later.%20We%20demonstrate%20the%20predictive%20value%20of%20ODF-based%20scores%20for%20the%20early%20detection%20of%20lesions%20that%20will%20appear%20or%20heal.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22mai%202015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.media.2015.02.005%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221361-8415%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1361841515000341%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%2C%22UP3H3ICX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-15T09%3A37%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226FA74FRH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A180164%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wanono%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWanono%2C%20R.%2C%20Daelman%2C%20L.%2C%20Maarouf%2C%20A.%2C%20Caucheteux%2C%20N.%2C%20Chaunu%2C%20M.-P.%20and%20Tourbah%2C%20A.%20%282014%29%20%26%23x201C%3B%5BEight%20and%20a%20half%20plus%20syndrome%20as%20a%20first%20presentation%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%5D%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRevue%20Neurologique%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20170%288%26%23x2013%3B9%29%2C%20pp.%20553%26%23x2013%3B554.%20Available%20at%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurol.2014.03.013%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.neurol.2014.03.013%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5BEight%20and%20a%20half%20plus%20syndrome%20as%20a%20first%20presentation%20of%20multiple%20sclerosis%5D%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wanono%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daelman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maarouf%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Caucheteux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.-P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaunu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tourbah%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%20Aug-Sep%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22fre%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.neurol.2014.03.013%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035-3787%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KJQH9V8M%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-06-01T10%3A00%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Stellmann, J.-P., Maarouf, A., Nicolescu, M., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Zaaraoui, W., Guye, M., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2025) “Early structural hub disruption leads to premature functional adaption in multiple sclerosis,” Brain Structure & Function, 230(9), p. 172. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-025-03023-2.
Perriguey, M., Rigollet, C., Freeman, S.A., Graille-Avy, L., Lafontaine, J.-C., Lemarchant, B., Alberto, T., Demortière, S., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Hilézian, F., Durozard, P., Pelletier, J., Maarouf, A., Zéphir, H. and Audoin, B. (2025) “Prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia after non-anti-CD20 therapies and impact of switching to rituximab/ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis,” Neurotherapeutics, 22(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00760.
Demortiere, S., Stolowy, N., Perriguey, M., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Hilezian, F., Ndjomo-Ndjomo, B.-R., Durozard, P., Stellmann, J.-P., Marignier, R., Boucraut, J., Pelletier, J., Maarouf, A. and Audoin, B. (2025) “Diagnostic Utility of Kappa Free Light Chain Index in Adults With Inaugural Optic Neuritis,” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 12(3), p. e200386. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200386.
Lodé, B., Hussein, B.R., Meurée, C., Walsh, R., Gaubert, M., Lassalle, N., Courbon, G., Martin, A., Le Bars, J., Durand-Dubief, F., Bourre, B., Maarouf, A., Outteryck, O., Mehier, C., Poulin, A., Cathelineau, C., Hong, J., Criton, G., Motillon-Alonso, S., Lecler, A., Charbonneau, F., Duron, L., Bani-Sadr, A., Delpierre, C., Ferré, J.-C., Edan, G., Cotton, F., Casey, R., Galassi, F., Combès, B. and Kerbrat, A. (2025) “Evaluation of a deep learning segmentation tool to help detect spinal cord lesions from combined T2 and STIR acquisitions in people with multiple sclerosis,” European Radiology [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-025-11541-0.
Barrit, S., Torcida, N., Mazeraud, A., Boulogne, S., Benoit, J., Carette, T., Carron, T., Delsaut, B., Diab, E., Kermorvant, H., Maarouf, A., Maldonado Slootjes, S., Redon, S., Robin, A., Hadidane, S., Harlay, V., Tota, V., Madec, T., Niset, A., Al Barajraji, M., Madsen, J.R., El Hadwe, S., Massager, N., Lagarde, S. and Carron, R. (2025) “Specialized Large Language Model Outperforms Neurologists at Complex Diagnosis in Blinded Case-Based Evaluation,” Brain Sciences, 15(4), p. 347. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15040347.
Guttieres, L., Vannelli, L., Demortiere, S., Perriguey, M., Elziere, M., Durozard, P., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Hilezian, F., Stellmann, J.-P., Pelletier, J., Maarouf, A., Stolowy, N. and Audoin, B. (2025) “Fluorescein Angiography as a Surrogate Marker of Disease Activity in Susac Syndrome,” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 12(2), p. e200379. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200379.
Grapperon, A.-M., El Mendili, M.M., Maarouf, A., Ranjeva, J.-P., Guye, M., Verschueren, A., Attarian, S. and Zaaraoui, W. (2025) “In vivo mapping of sodium homeostasis disturbances in individual ALS patients: A brain 23Na MRI study,” PloS One, 20(1), p. e0316916. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316916.
Durozard, P., Maarouf, A., Zaaraoui, W., Stellmann, J.-P., Boutière, C., Rico, A., Demortière, S., Guye, M., Le Troter, A., Dary, H., Ranjeva, J.-P., Audoin, B. and Pelletier, J. (2024) “Cortical Lesions as an Early Hallmark of Multiple Sclerosis: Visualization by 7 T MRI,” Investigative Radiology, 59(11), p. 747. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000001082.
Maarouf, A., Stellmann, J.P., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Zaaraoui, W., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2024) “Active and non-active progression independent of relapse activity within the first 20 years of relapsing multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, p. jnnp-2024-333597. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2024-333597.
Graille-Avy, L., Boutiere, C., Rigollet, C., Perriguey, M., Rico, A., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Hilezian, F., Vely, F., Bertault-Peres, P., Pelletier, J., Maarouf, A. and Audoin, B. (2024) “Effect of Prior Treatment With Fingolimod on Early and Late Response to Rituximab/Ocrelizumab in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis,” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 11(3), p. e200231. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200231.
Demortiere, S., Joubert, B., Benaiteau, M., Hilezian, F., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Stolowy, N., Dubois, V., Audoin, B., Maarouf, A. and Pelletier, J. (2024) “Anti-IgLON5 Disease With Inaugural Bilateral Neuropapillitis,” Neurology, 102(8), p. e209284. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000209284.
Cruz, E.S., Fortanier, E., Hilezian, F., Maarouf, A., Boutière, C., Demortière, S., Rico, A., Delmont, E., Pelletier, J., Attarian, S. and Audoin, B. (2024) “Factors affecting the topography of nitrous oxide-induced neurological complications,” European Journal of Neurology, p. e16291. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.16291.
Venet, M., Lepine, A., Maarouf, A., Biotti, D., Boutiere, C., Casez, O., Cohen, M., Durozard, P., Demortière, S., Giorgi, L., Maillart, E., Mathey, G., Mazzola, L., Rico, A., Camdessanche, J.-P., Deiva, K., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2024) “Control of disease activity with large extended-interval dosing of rituximab/ocrelizumab in highly active pediatric multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), p. 13524585231223069. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585231223069.
Claverie, R., Perriguey, M., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Hilezian, F., Dubrou, C., Vely, F., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B. and Maarouf, A. (2023) “Efficacy of Rituximab Outlasts B-Cell Repopulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Time to Rethink Dosing?,” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 10(5), p. e200152. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200152.
Demortiere, S., Maarouf, A., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Hilezian, F., Durozard, P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2023) “Disease Evolution in Women With Highly Active MS Who Suspended Natalizumab During Pregnancy vs Rituximab/Ocrelizumab Before Conception,” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 10(5), p. e200161. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200161.
Rode, J., Pique, J., Maarouf, A., Ayrignac, X., Bourre, B., Ciron, J., Cohen, M., Collongues, N., Deschamps, R., Maillart, E., Montcuquet, A., Papeix, C., Ruet, A., Wiertlewski, S., Zephir, H., Marignier, R. and Audoin, B. (2023) “Time to steroids impacts visual outcome of optic neuritis in MOGAD,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 94(4), pp. 309–313. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-330360.
Vukusic, S., Marignier, R., Ciron, J., Bourre, B., Cohen, M., Deschamps, R., Guillaume, M., Kremer, L., Pique, J., Carra-Dalliere, C., Michel, L., Leray, E., Guennoc, A.-M., Laplaud, D., Androdias, G., Bensa, C., Bigaut, K., Biotti, D., Branger, P., Casez, O., Daval, E., Donze, C., Dubessy, A.-L., Dulau, C., Durand-Dubief, F., Hebant, B., Kwiatkowski, A., Lannoy, J., Maarouf, A., Manchon, E., Mathey, G., Moisset, X., Montcuquet, A., Roux, T., Maillart, E. and Lebrun-Frenay, C. (2023) “Pregnancy and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: 2022 recommendations from the French Multiple Sclerosis Society,” Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 29(1), pp. 37–51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221130934.
Vukusic, S., Carra-Dalliere, C., Ciron, J., Maillart, E., Michel, L., Leray, E., Guennoc, A.-M., Bourre, B., Laplaud, D., Androdias, G., Bensa, C., Bigaut, K., Biotti, D., Branger, P., Casez, O., Cohen, M., Daval, E., Deschamps, R., Donze, C., Dubessy, A.-L., Dulau, C., Durand-Dubief, F., Guillaume, M., Hebant, B., Kremer, L., Kwiatkowski, A., Lannoy, J., Maarouf, A., Manchon, E., Mathey, G., Moisset, X., Montcuquet, A., Pique, J., Roux, T., Marignier, R. and Lebrun-Frenay;, C. (2023) “Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: 2022 recommendations from the French multiple sclerosis society,” Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 29(1), pp. 11–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221129472.
Maarouf, A., Audoin, B., Gherib, S., El Mendili, M.M., Viout, P., Pariollaud, F., Boutière, C., Rico, A., Guye, M., Ranjeva, J.-P., Zaaraoui, W. and Pelletier, J. (2022) “Grey-matter sodium concentration as an individual marker of multiple sclerosis severity,” Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 28(12), pp. 1903–1912. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221102587.
Poullet, Z., Pique, J., Maarouf, A., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Papeix, C., Maillart, E., Collongues, N., Ayrignac, X., Zephir, H., Deschamps, R., Ciron, J., Pelletier, J., Marignier, R. and Audoin, B. (2022) “Pure Relapsing Short Myelitis: Part of the Multiple Sclerosis Spectrum or New Entity?,” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 9(4), p. e1167. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001167.
Januel, E., De Seze, J., Vermersch, P., Maillart, E., Bourre, B., Pique, J., Moisset, X., Bensa, C., Maarouf, A., Pelletier, J., Vukusic, S., Audoin, B. and Louapre, C. (2022) “Post-vaccine COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica,” Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 28(7), pp. 1155–1159. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585211049737.
Perriguey, M., Maarouf, A., Stellmann, J.-P., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2022) “Hypogammaglobulinemia and Infections in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Rituximab,” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 9(1), p. e1115. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001115.
Rico, A., Ninove, L., Maarouf, A., Boutiere, C., Durozard, P., Demortiere, S., Saba Villarroel, P.M., Amroun, A., Fourié, T., de Lamballerie, X., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2021) “Determining the best window for BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving anti-CD20 therapy,” Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical, 7(4), p. 20552173211062142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552173211062142.
Hilezian, F., Maarouf, A., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Demortiere, S., Kerschen, P., Sene, T., Bensa-Koscher, C., Giannesini, C., Capron, J., Mekinian, A., Camdessanché, J.-P., Androdias, G., Marignier, R., Collongues, N., Casez, O., Coclitu, C., Vaillant, M., Mathey, G., Ciron, J., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2021) “TNF-α inhibitors used as steroid-sparing maintenance monotherapy in parenchymal CNS sarcoidosis,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 92(8), pp. 890–896. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-325665.
Tanoh, I.-C., Maillart, E., Labauge, P., Cohen, M., Maarouf, A., Vukusic, S., Donzé, C., Gallien, P., De Sèze, J., Bourre, B., Moreau, T., Louapre, C., Vallée, M., Bieuvelet, S., Klaeylé, L., Argoud, A.-L., Zinaï, S. and Tourbah, A. (2021) “MSCopilot: New smartphone-based digital biomarkers correlate with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores in people with Multiple Sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 55, p. 103164. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.103164.
Perez, T., Rico, A., Boutière, C., Maarouf, A., Roudot, M., Honoré, S., Pelletier, J., Bertault-Peres, P. and Audoin, B. (2021) “Comparison of rituximab originator (MabThera®) to biosimilar (Truxima®) in patients with multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 27(4), pp. 585–592. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458520912170.
Stellmann, J.-P., Wanke, N., Maarouf, A., Gellißen, S., Heesen, C., Audoin, B., Gold, S.M., Zaaraoui, W. and Poettgen, J. (2021) “Cognitive performance shows domain specific associations with regional cortical thickness in multiple sclerosis,” NeuroImage. Clinical, 30, p. 102606. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102606.
Kerbrat, A., Gros, C., Badji, A., Bannier, E., Galassi, F., Combès, B., Chouteau, R., Labauge, P., Ayrignac, X., Carra-Dalliere, C., Maranzano, J., Granberg, T., Ouellette, R., Stawiarz, L., Hillert, J., Talbott, J., Tachibana, Y., Hori, M., Kamiya, K., Chougar, L., Lefeuvre, J., Reich, D.S., Nair, G., Valsasina, P., Rocca, M.A., Filippi, M., Chu, R., Bakshi, R., Callot, V., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B., Maarouf, A., Collongues, N., De Seze, J., Edan, G. and Cohen-Adad, J. (2020) “Multiple sclerosis lesions in motor tracts from brain to cervical cord: spatial distribution and correlation with disability,” Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 143(7), pp. 2089–2105. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa162.
Demortiere, S., Rico, A., Maarouf, A., Boutiere, C., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2020) “Maintenance of natalizumab during the first trimester of pregnancy in active multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), p. 1352458520912637. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458520912637.
Durozard, P., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Maarouf, A., Lacroix, R., Cointe, S., Fritz, S., Brunet, C., Pelletier, J., Marignier, R. and Audoin, B. (2020) “Comparison of the Response to Rituximab between Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and Aquaporin-4 Antibody Diseases,” Annals of Neurology, 87(2), pp. 256–266. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25648.
Maarouf, A., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Perriguey, M., Demortiere, S., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B. and Under the aegis of OFSEP (2020) “Extending rituximab dosing intervals in patients with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond?,” Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation, 7(5), p. e825. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000825.
Stellmann, J.-P., Maarouf, A., Schulz, K.-H., Baquet, L., Pöttgen, J., Patra, S., Penner, I.-K., Gellißen, S., Ketels, G., Besson, P., Ranjeva, J.-P., Guye, M., Nolte, G., Engel, A.K., Audoin, B., Heesen, C. and Gold, S.M. (2020) “Aerobic Exercise Induces Functional and Structural Reorganization of CNS Networks in Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 14, p. 255. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00255.
Maillart, E., Labauge, P., Cohen, M., Maarouf, A., Vukusic, S., Donzé, C., Gallien, P., Sèze, J.D., Bourre, B., Moreau, T., Louapre, C., Mayran, P., Bieuvelet, S., Vallée, M., Bertillot, F., Klaeylé, L., Argoud, A.-L., Zinaï, S. and Tourbah, A. (2020) “MSCopilot, a new multiple sclerosis self-assessment digital solution: results of a comparative study versus standard tests,” European Journal of Neurology, 27(3), pp. 429–436. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14091.
Grapperon, A.-M., Ridley, B., Verschueren, A., Maarouf, A., Confort-Gouny, S., Fortanier, E., Schad, L., Guye, M., Ranjeva, J.-P., Attarian, S. and Zaaraoui, W. (2019) “Quantitative Brain Sodium MRI Depicts Corticospinal Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,” Radiology, 292(2), pp. 422–428. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182276.
Combès, B., Monteau, L., Bannier, E., Callot, V., Labauge, P., Ayrignac, X., Carra Dallière, C., Pelletier, J., Maarouf, A., de Seze, J., Collongues, N., Barillot, C., Edan, G., Ferré, J.C., Kerbrat, A. and EMISEP study group (2019) “Measurement of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) from cervical spinal cord: Multicenter reproducibility and variability,” Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI, 49(6), pp. 1777–1785. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26537.
Maarouf, A., Stephan, D., Ranjeva, M.-P., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B., Khrestchatisky, M. and Desplat-Jégo, S. (2019) “High levels of serum soluble TWEAK are associated with neuroinflammation during multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Translational Medicine, 17(1), p. 51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-1789-3.
Combès, B., Kerbrat, A., Ferré, J.C., Callot, V., Maranzano, J., Badji, A., Le Page, E., Labauge, P., Ayrignac, X., Carra Dallière, C., de Champfleur, N.M., Pelletier, J., Maarouf, A., de Seze, J., Collongues, N., Brassat, D., Durand-Dubief, F., Barillot, C., Bannier, E. and Edan, G. (2019) “Focal and diffuse cervical spinal cord damage in patients with early relapsing-remitting MS: A multicentre magnetisation transfer ratio study,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 25(8), pp. 1113–1123. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458518781999.
Durozard, P., Maarouf, A., Boutiere, C., Ruet, A., Brochet, B., Vukusic, S., Carra-Dalliere, C., Labauge, P., Mathey, G., Debouverie, M., Papeix, C., Maillart, E., Lubetzki, C., Bensa, C., Gout, O., Giannesini, C., Stankoff, B., Ciron, J., Brassat, D., Pelletier, J., Rico Lamy, A. and Audoin, B. (2019) “Efficacy of rituximab in refractory RRMS,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 25(6), pp. 828–836. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458518772748.
Donadieu, M., Le Fur, Y., Maarouf, A., Gherib, S., Ridley, B., Pini, L., Rapacchi, S., Confort-Gouny, S., Guye, M., Schad, L.R., Maudsley, A.A., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B., Zaaraoui, W. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2019) “Metabolic counterparts of sodium accumulation in multiple sclerosis: A whole brain 23Na-MRI and fast 1H-MRSI study,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 25(1), pp. 39–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517736146.
Maarouf, A., Boutière, C., Rico, A., Audoin, B. and Pelletier, J. (2018) “How much progress has there been in the second-line treatment of multiple sclerosis: A 2017 update,” Revue Neurologique, 174(6), pp. 429–440. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2018.01.369.
Ridley, B., Nagel, A.M., Bydder, M., Maarouf, A., Stellmann, J.-P., Gherib, S., Verneuil, J., Viout, P., Guye, M., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2018) “Distribution of brain sodium long and short relaxation times and concentrations: a multi-echo ultra-high field23Na MRI study,” Scientific Reports, 8(1), p. 4357. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22711-0.
Kerbrat, A., Combès, B., Commowick, O., Maarouf, A., Bannier, E., Ferré, J.C., Tourbah, A., Ranjeva, J.-P., Barillot, C. and Edan, G. (2018) “USPIO-positive MS lesions are associated with greater tissue damage than gadolinium-positive-only lesions during 3-year follow-up,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 24(14), pp. 1852–1861. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517736148.
Doche, E., Lecocq, A., Maarouf, A., Duhamel, G., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Rico, A., Guye, M., Audoin, B., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2017) “Hypoperfusion of the thalamus is associated with disability in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Neuroradiology. Journal De Neuroradiologie, 44(2), pp. 158–164. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurad.2016.10.001.
Maarouf, A., Audoin, B., Pariollaud, F., Gherib, S., Rico, A., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Guye, M., Schad, L., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2017) “Increased total sodium concentration in gray matter better explains cognition than atrophy in MS,” Neurology, 88(3), pp. 289–295. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003511.
Wybrecht, D., Reuter, F., Pariollaud, F., Zaaraoui, W., Le Troter, A., Rico, A., Confort-Gouny, S., Soulier, E., Guye, M., Maarouf, A., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2017) “New brain lesions with no impact on physical disability can impact cognition in early multiple sclerosis: A ten-year longitudinal study,” PloS One, 12(11), p. e0184650. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184650.
Faivre, A., Robinet, E., Guye, M., Rousseau, C., Maarouf, A., Le Troter, A., Zaaraoui, W., Rico, A., Crespy, L., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Pelletier, J., Achard, S., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2016) “Depletion of brain functional connectivity enhancement leads to disability progression in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal resting-state fMRI study,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 22(13), pp. 1695–1708. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458516628657.
Maarouf, A., Ferré, J.-C., Zaaraoui, W., Le Troter, A., Bannier, E., Berry, I., Guye, M., Pierot, L., Barillot, C., Pelletier, J., Tourbah, A., Edan, G., Audoin, B. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2016) “Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide enhancement is associated with higher loss of brain tissue structure in clinically isolated syndrome,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 22(8), pp. 1032–1039. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458515607649.
Caucheteux, N., Maarouf, A., Genevray, M., Leray, E., Deschamps, R., Chaunu, M.P., Daelman, L., Ferré, J.C., Gout, O., Pelletier, J., Pierot, L., Edan, G. and Tourbah, A. (2015) “Criteria improving multiple sclerosis diagnosis at the first MRI,” Journal of Neurology, 262(4), pp. 979–987. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7668-9.
Commowick, O., Maarouf, A., Ferré, J.-C., Ranjeva, J.-P., Edan, G. and Barillot, C. (2015) “Diffusion MRI abnormalities detection with orientation distribution functions: A multiple sclerosis longitudinal study,” Medical Image Analysis, 22(1), pp. 114–123. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2015.02.005.
Wanono, R., Daelman, L., Maarouf, A., Caucheteux, N., Chaunu, M.-P. and Tourbah, A. (2014) “[Eight and a half plus syndrome as a first presentation of multiple sclerosis],” Revue Neurologique, 170(8–9), pp. 553–554. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2014.03.013.