Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine
CRMBM-CEMEREM UMR 7339

ZAARAOUI Wafaa

By arnaud le troter on 6 August 2018

ZAARAOUI Wafaa

wafaa.zaaraoui@univ-amu.fr
Phone : +33491388466

CNS

Researcher (PhD) at CNRS

– Head of the Brain imaging research group
– Co-director of the NeuroSchool PhD program at Aix-Marseille University
– Member of the NeuroSchool Steering Committee (Ecole Universitaire de Recherche)

Resume
Wafaa Zaaraoui is a senior researcher at CNRS. She obtained her PhD in Biophysics from the University of Bordeaux in 2007. She trained under the supervision of Professors JM Franconi and V Dousset, specialising in MR physics and neuroscientific applications. She pursued further studies in MR spectroscopy in the team of Professor O Gonen at New York University. She joined the CRMBM at CNRS Aix-Marseille University where she obtained a tenure-track senior researcher position in 2011. Her work focuses on the development of advanced neuroimaging techniques to act as markers and provide insight into brain pathophysiological processes particularly in multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Research Associate (PhD)

Detailed Activities

My group aims at developing new MR biomarkers at high (3T) and ultra-high field (7T) (UHF) fields to characterize the anatomy, microstructure, meso-scale network organization, metabolism and homeostasis of the brain.
The objectives are to push forward the limits of brain imaging using the added value of UHF MRI and counteracting the pitfalls, focusing on improved spatial resolution to characterize anatomy and function of complex small size gray matter structures or cortical layers. We also contribute to the advances of multimodal UHF MRI to characterize brain connectivity, and we work at rendering UHF X-nuclei MRI/MRSI usable in clinical compatible protocols.
Our main clinical applications focus on Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with an exhaustive and multimodal investigation (advanced imaging, clinical, electrophysiological and neuropsychological evaluation).

Keywords

  • MRI, Neuroscience, Neuro-imaging, Ultra-high field MRI
  • X-nuclei MRI, Sodium MRI, MR Spectroscopy, Quantitative MRI
  • Neuro-imaging, Neurodegeneration
  • Ultra-high field MRI
  • Sodium MRI, MR Spectroscopy, Quantitative MRI, Image Processing, Microstructure/Architecture, Metabolism, Sodium homeostasis, Diffusion, Connectivity, Plasticity, MR Biomarkers, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Epilepsy

General Information

– Member of the ISMRM X-nuclei imaging study group
– Member of the European Ultrahigh-Field Imaging Network (EUFIND)
– Lab referent for sustainable development
– Co-Chair of the ISMRM workshop on MR Imaging of X‐Nuclei (23Na & Friends)
– Coordinator of the MRI physics courses at Polytech’Marseille Engineering School
– Coordinator of the Functional Neuroanatomy courses at the NeuroSchool PhD program

Research Projects

Publications :

180164 ZAARAOUI 1 harvard-cite-them-right-no-et-al 50 date desc year 2551 https://crmbm.univ-amu.fr/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Cotinat, M., Robinet, E., Messaoudi, N., Suissa, L., Doche, E., Guye, M., Bensoussan, L., Zaaraoui, W. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2025) “Added Value of Sodium MR Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopy to Conventional MR Imaging for a Better Characterization of the Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review,” Magnetic resonance in medical sciences: MRMS: an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.rev.2025-0002.
Appukuttan, S., Grapperon, A.-M., El Mendili, M.M., Dary, H., Guye, M., Verschueren, A., Ranjeva, J.-P., Attarian, S., Zaaraoui, W. and Gilson, M. (2025) “Evaluating machine learning pipelines for multimodal neuroimaging in small cohorts: an ALS case study,” Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 19, p. 1568116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2025.1568116.
Grapperon, A.-M., El Mendili, M.M., Maarouf, A., Ranjeva, J.-P., Guye, M., Verschueren, A., Attarian, S. and Zaaraoui, W. (2025) “In vivo mapping of sodium homeostasis disturbances in individual ALS patients: A brain 23Na MRI study,” PloS One, 20(1), p. e0316916. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316916.
Durozard, P., Maarouf, A., Zaaraoui, W., Stellmann, J.-P., Boutière, C., Rico, A., Demortière, S., Guye, M., Le Troter, A., Dary, H., Ranjeva, J.-P., Audoin, B. and Pelletier, J. (2024) “Cortical Lesions as an Early Hallmark of Multiple Sclerosis: Visualization by 7 T MRI,” Investigative Radiology, 59(11), p. 747. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000001082.
Grimaldi, S., Le Troter, A., El Mendili, M.M., Dary, H., Azulay, J.-P., Zaaraoui, W., Ranjeva, J.-P., Eusebio, A., de Rochefort, L. and Guye, M. (2024) “Energetic dysfunction and iron overload in early Parkinson’s disease: Two distinct mechanisms?,” Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 124, p. 106996. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106996.
Maarouf, A., Stellmann, J.P., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Zaaraoui, W., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2024) “Active and non-active progression independent of relapse activity within the first 20 years of relapsing multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, p. jnnp-2024-333597. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2024-333597.
Tilsley, P., Moutiez, A., Brodovitch, A., Mendili, M.M.E., Testud, B., Zaaraoui, W., Verschueren, A., Attarian, S., Guye, M., Boucraut, J., Grapperon, A.-M. and Stellmann, J.-P. (2024) “Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Interact with Neurodegenerative Patterns and Motor Neuron Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,” American Journal of Neuroradiology, 45(4), pp. 494–503. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8154.
Azilinon, M., Wang, H.E., Makhalova, J., Zaaraoui, W., Ranjeva, J.-P., Bartolomei, F., Guye, M. and Jirsa, V. (2024) “Brain sodium MRI-derived priors support the estimation of epileptogenic zones using personalized model-based methods in epilepsy,” Network Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 8(3), pp. 673–696. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00371.
El Mendili, M.M., Verschueren, A., Ranjeva, J.-P., Guye, M., Attarian, S., Zaaraoui, W. and Grapperon, A.-M. (2023) “Association between brain and upper cervical spinal cord atrophy assessed by MRI and disease aggressiveness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,” Neuroradiology, 65(9), pp. 1395–1403. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-023-03191-0.
Ridley, B., Morsillo, F., Zaaraoui, W. and Nonino, F. (2023) “Variability by region and method in human brain sodium concentrations estimated by 23Na magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis,” Scientific Reports, 13(1), p. 3222. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30363-y.
Azilinon, M., Makhalova, J., Zaaraoui, W., Medina Villalon, S., Viout, P., Roussel, T., El Mendili, M.M., Ridley, B., Ranjeva, J.-P., Bartolomei, F., Jirsa, V. and Guye, M. (2023) “Combining sodium MRI, proton MR spectroscopic imaging, and intracerebral EEG in epilepsy,” Human Brain Mapping, 44(2), pp. 825–840. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26102.
Maarouf, A., Audoin, B., Gherib, S., El Mendili, M.M., Viout, P., Pariollaud, F., Boutière, C., Rico, A., Guye, M., Ranjeva, J.-P., Zaaraoui, W. and Pelletier, J. (2022) “Grey-matter sodium concentration as an individual marker of multiple sclerosis severity,” Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 28(12), pp. 1903–1912. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585221102587.
El Mendili, M.M., Grapperon, A.-M., Dintrich, R., Stellmann, J.-P., Ranjeva, J.-P., Guye, M., Verschueren, A., Attarian, S. and Zaaraoui, W. (2022) “Alterations of Microstructure and Sodium Homeostasis in Fast Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Progressors: A Brain DTI and Sodium MRI Study,” American Journal of Neuroradiology, 43(7), pp. 984–990. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7559.
Stellmann, J.-P., Wanke, N., Maarouf, A., Gellißen, S., Heesen, C., Audoin, B., Gold, S.M., Zaaraoui, W. and Poettgen, J. (2021) “Cognitive performance shows domain specific associations with regional cortical thickness in multiple sclerosis,” NeuroImage. Clinical, 30, p. 102606. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102606.
Grimaldi, S., El Mendili, M.M., Zaaraoui, W., Ranjeva, J.-P., Azulay, J.-P., Eusebio, A. and Guye, M. (2021) “Increased Sodium Concentration in Substantia Nigra in Early Parkinson’s Disease: A Preliminary Study With Ultra-High Field (7T) MRI,” Frontiers in Neurology, 12, p. 715618. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.715618.
Grapperon, A.-M., Ridley, B., Verschueren, A., Maarouf, A., Confort-Gouny, S., Fortanier, E., Schad, L., Guye, M., Ranjeva, J.-P., Attarian, S. and Zaaraoui, W. (2019) “Quantitative Brain Sodium MRI Depicts Corticospinal Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,” Radiology, 292(2), pp. 422–428. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182276.
Donadieu, M., Le Fur, Y., Maarouf, A., Gherib, S., Ridley, B., Pini, L., Rapacchi, S., Confort-Gouny, S., Guye, M., Schad, L.R., Maudsley, A.A., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B., Zaaraoui, W. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2019) “Metabolic counterparts of sodium accumulation in multiple sclerosis: A whole brain 23Na-MRI and fast 1H-MRSI study,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 25(1), pp. 39–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517736146.
Bydder, M., Zaaraoui, W., Ridley, B., Soubrier, M., Bertinetti, M., Confort-Gouny, S., Schad, L., Guye, M. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2019) “Dynamic 23Na MRI - A non-invasive window on neuroglial-vascular mechanisms underlying brain function,” NeuroImage, 184, pp. 771–780. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.071.
Fortanier, E., Grapperon, A.-M., Le Troter, A., Verschueren, A., Ridley, B., Guye, M., Attarian, S., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2019) “Structural Connectivity Alterations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Graph Theory Based Imaging Study,” Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, p. 1044. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01044.
Petracca, M., Zaaraoui, W., Cocozza, S., Vancea, R., Howard, J., Heinig, M.M., Fleysher, L., Oesingmann, N., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Inglese, M. (2018) “An MRI evaluation of grey matter damage in African Americans with MS,” Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 25, pp. 29–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.06.007.
Ridley, B., Nagel, A.M., Bydder, M., Maarouf, A., Stellmann, J.-P., Gherib, S., Verneuil, J., Viout, P., Guye, M., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2018) “Distribution of brain sodium long and short relaxation times and concentrations: a multi-echo ultra-high field23Na MRI study,” Scientific Reports, 8(1), p. 4357. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22711-0.
Ridley, B., Marchi, A., Wirsich, J., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Schad, L., Bartolomei, F., Ranjeva, J.-P., Guye, M. and Zaaraoui, W. (2017) “Brain sodium MRI in human epilepsy: Disturbances of ionic homeostasis reflect the organization of pathological regions,” NeuroImage, 157, pp. 173–183. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.011.
Doche, E., Lecocq, A., Maarouf, A., Duhamel, G., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Rico, A., Guye, M., Audoin, B., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2017) “Hypoperfusion of the thalamus is associated with disability in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Neuroradiology. Journal De Neuroradiologie, 44(2), pp. 158–164. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurad.2016.10.001.
Maarouf, A., Audoin, B., Pariollaud, F., Gherib, S., Rico, A., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Guye, M., Schad, L., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2017) “Increased total sodium concentration in gray matter better explains cognition than atrophy in MS,” Neurology, 88(3), pp. 289–295. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003511.
Boutière, C., Rey, C., Zaaraoui, W., Le Troter, A., Rico, A., Crespy, L., Achard, S., Reuter, F., Pariollaud, F., Wirsich, J., Asquinazi, P., Confort-Gouny, S., Soulier, E., Guye, M., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2017) “Improvement of spasticity following intermittent theta burst stimulation in multiple sclerosis is associated with modulation of resting-state functional connectivity of the primary motor cortices,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 23(6), pp. 855–863. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458516661640.
Wybrecht, D., Reuter, F., Pariollaud, F., Zaaraoui, W., Le Troter, A., Rico, A., Confort-Gouny, S., Soulier, E., Guye, M., Maarouf, A., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2017) “New brain lesions with no impact on physical disability can impact cognition in early multiple sclerosis: A ten-year longitudinal study,” PloS One, 12(11), p. e0184650. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184650.
Faivre, A., Robinet, E., Guye, M., Rousseau, C., Maarouf, A., Le Troter, A., Zaaraoui, W., Rico, A., Crespy, L., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Pelletier, J., Achard, S., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2016) “Depletion of brain functional connectivity enhancement leads to disability progression in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal resting-state fMRI study,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 22(13), pp. 1695–1708. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458516628657.
Donadieu, M., Le Fur, Y., Lecocq, A., Maudsley, A.A., Gherib, S., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Pariollaud, F., Ranjeva, M.-P., Pelletier, J., Guye, M., Zaaraoui, W., Audoin, B. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2016) “Metabolic voxel-based analysis of the complete human brain using fast 3D-MRSI: Proof of concept in multiple sclerosis,” Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI, 44(2), pp. 411–419. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25139.
Maarouf, A., Ferré, J.-C., Zaaraoui, W., Le Troter, A., Bannier, E., Berry, I., Guye, M., Pierot, L., Barillot, C., Pelletier, J., Tourbah, A., Edan, G., Audoin, B. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2016) “Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide enhancement is associated with higher loss of brain tissue structure in clinically isolated syndrome,” Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 22(8), pp. 1032–1039. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458515607649.
Faivre, A., Rico, A., Zaaraoui, W., Reuter, F., Confort-Gouny, S., Guye, M., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2015) “Brain functional plasticity at rest and during action in multiple sclerosis patients,” Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 22(9), pp. 1438–1443. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2015.02.033.
Maarouf, A., Audoin, B., Konstandin, S., Rico, A., Soulier, E., Reuter, F., Troter, A.L., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Guye, M., Schad, L.R., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Zaaraoui, W. (2014) “Topography of brain sodium accumulation in progressive multiple sclerosis,” Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, 27(1), pp. 53–62. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-013-0396-1.
Inglese, M., Oesingmann, N., Zaaraoui, W., Ranjeva, J.P. and Fleysher, L. (2013) “Sodium imaging as a marker of tissue injury in patients with multiple sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 2(4), pp. 263–269. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2013.03.009.
Moll, N., Reuter, F., Zaaraoui, W., Rico, A., Malikova, I., Crespy, L., Faivre, A., Loundou, A., Auquier, P., Cozzone, P., Ranjeva, J.P., Audoin, B. and Pelletier, J. (2013) “T2 Lesion Load Influences Cognitive Impairment at the Early Phase of MS,” Neurology, 80.
Wybrecht, D., Reuter, F., Zaaraoui, W., Faivre, A., Crespy, L., Rico, A., Malikova, I., Confort-Gouny, S., Soulier, E., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2012) “Voxelwise analysis of conventional magnetic resonance imaging to predict future disability in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,” Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 18(11), pp. 1585–1591. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458512442991.
Faivre, A., Rico, A., Zaaraoui, W., Crespy, L., Reuter, F., Wybrecht, D., Soulier, E., Malikova, I., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2012) “Assessing brain connectivity at rest is clinically relevant in early multiple sclerosis,” Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 18(9), pp. 1251–1258. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458511435930.
Zaaraoui, W., Konstandin, S., Audoin, B., Nagel, A.M., Rico, A., Malikova, I., Soulier, E., Viout, P., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Schad, L.R. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2012) “Distribution of brain sodium accumulation correlates with disability in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional 23Na MR imaging study,” Radiology, 264(3), pp. 859–867. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12112680.
Durante, L., Zaaraoui, W., Rico, A., Crespy, L., Wybrecht, D., Faivre, A., Reuter, F., Malikova, I., Pommier, G., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J., Boucraut, J. and Audoin, B. (2012) “Intrathecal synthesis of IgM measured after a first demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis is associated with subsequent MRI brain lesion accrual,” Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 18(5), pp. 587–591. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458511424589.
Zaaraoui, W., Pelletier, J., Cozzone, P.J. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2012) “What can sodium MRI reveal about sodium accumulation in the brain: implications for multiple sclerosis,” Imaging in Medicine, 4(6), pp. 585–587. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2217/iim.12.56.
Reuter, F., Zaaraoui, W., Crespy, L., Faivre, A., Rico, A., Malikova, I., Soulier, E., Viout, P., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2011) “Frequency of cognitive impairment dramatically increases during the first 5 years of multiple sclerosis,” Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 82(10), pp. 1157–1159. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.213744.
Reuter, F., Zaaraoui, W., Crespy, L., Faivre, A., Rico, A., Malikova, I., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Ranjeva, J.-P., Pelletier, J. and Audoin, B. (2011) “Cognitive impairment at the onset of multiple sclerosis: relationship to lesion location,” Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 17(6), pp. 755–758. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458511398265.
Zaaraoui, W., Crespy, L., Rico, A., Faivre, A., Soulier, E., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P., Kaphan, E. and Audoin, B. (2011) “In vivo quantification of brain injury in adult Niemann-Pick Disease Type C,” Molecular genetics and metabolism, 103(2), pp. 138–141. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.02.013.
Zaaraoui, W., Reuter, F., Rico, A., Faivre, A., Crespy, L., Malikova, I., Soulier, E., Viout, P., Le Fur, Y., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2011) “Occurrence of neuronal dysfunction during the first 5 years of multiple sclerosis is associated with cognitive deterioration,” Journal of neurology, 258(5), pp. 811–819. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5845-4.
Rico, A., Zaaraoui, W., Franques, J., Attarian, S., Reuter, F., Malikova, I., Confort-Gouny, S., Soulier, E., Pouget, J., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2011) “Motor cortical reorganization is present after a single attack of multiple sclerosis devoid of cortico-spinal dysfunction,” Magma (New York, N.Y.), 24(2), pp. 77–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-010-0232-9.
Crespy, L., Zaaraoui, W., Lemaire, M., Rico, A., Faivre, A., Reuter, F., Malikova, I., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2011) “Prevalence of grey matter pathology in early multiple sclerosis assessed by magnetization transfer ratio imaging,” PloS one, 6(9), p. e24969. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024969.
Jure, L., Zaaraoui, W., Rousseau, C., Reuter, F., Rico, A., Malikova, I., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J., Ranjeva, J.-P. and Audoin, B. (2010) “Individual voxel-based analysis of brain magnetization transfer maps shows great variability of gray matter injury in the first stage of multiple sclerosis,” Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI, 32(2), pp. 424–428. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22265.
Audoin, B., Zaaraoui, W., Reuter, F., Rico, A., Malikova, I., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2010) “Atrophy mainly affects the limbic system and the deep grey matter at the first stage of multiple sclerosis,” Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 81(6), pp. 690–695. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.188748.
Zaaraoui, W., Rico, A., Audoin, B., Reuter, F., Malikova, I., Soulier, E., Viout, P., Le Fur, Y., Confort-Gouny, S., Cozzone, P.J., Pelletier, J. and Ranjeva, J.-P. (2010) “Unfolding the long-term pathophysiological processes following an acute inflammatory demyelinating lesion of multiple sclerosis,” Magnetic resonance imaging, 28(4), pp. 477–486. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2009.12.011.
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